30th Sunday in Ordinary Time [October 27, 2019] Luke 18:9-14
In Jesus’ time, they were several Jewish religious groups and one of them is the Pharisees. These are the people who love the Lord and devoutly observe the Law of Moses and the traditions of the elders even in their daily lives. Thus, Jewish people regard them as righteous because they are faithful to the Law, and pious because they pray often. Many Pharisees turn to be the caretakers of the local synagogues and zealously teach the Law during Sabbath days. No wonders, the Jewish people offer the Pharisees the best places in the worship places and the parties. The leaders are called the Rabbis or teachers.
In contrast, we have tax collectors. This is the profession that most Jews hate at least for two reasons. Firstly, tax collectors tend to corrupt by demanding more than what is due. Secondly, the tax collectors work for the Roman Empire, a gentile and oppressive nation. This makes them both sinners and unclean.
When Jesus presents these two characters in His parable, His Jewish listeners immediately see that the Pharisee is the good guy and the tax collector is the bad guy. The Temple of Jerusalem consists of several courts, from the Holy of Holies going out to the court of the Gentiles. The Pharisee as a devout and clean Israelite will pray at the inner court of the Temple, closer to the sanctuary. While the tax collector is standing perhaps at the court of the Gentiles, where the unclean people and sinners are allowed to get closer.
However, Jesus once again twists the minds of His listeners. The tax collector comes up as the hero of the story, as God hears his prayers and accepts his sincere repentance.
Before God, we are judged not so much by external appearance and social standing, but primarily by internal disposition, by faith. The Pharisee is full of himself and doing nothing but praying to himself [see verse 11]. How can a person pray to himself? He boastfully compares himself with others and puts down others. This is not a prayer, but rather a litany of self-praise. But, the tax collector in all humility recognizes himself as a sinner and asks nothing but God’s mercy.
Appearances and social standing do not guarantee our holiness, and this has a massive implication in our daily lives. We cannot simply judge that a priest who celebrates the mass, who stands on the sanctuary, is holier than an ordinary man who prays at last pew of the Church. We cannot judge a woman who visits the adoration chapel and recite the rosary every day is holier than a woman who has no time to visit the Church because she has to work hard to feed her children. We cannot judge that a man who is active in the parish is holier than a man who is inside the jail. In the first place, it is not our duty to judge others’ holiness. If we are busy judging others, we are no different from the Pharisee in the story who even prays to himself.
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Pada zaman Yesus, ada beberapa kelompok di dalam agama Yahudi dan salah satunya adalah orang-orang Farisi. Inilah orang-orang yang mencintai Tuhan dan dengan taat mematuhi Hukum Musa dan tradisi para penatua bahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Jadi, orang Yahudi menganggap mereka sebagai orang benar karena mereka setia kepada Hukum, dan saleh karena mereka sering berdoa. Banyak orang Farisi menjadi pengurus sinagoga dan dengan tekun mengajarkan Hukum saat hari-hari Sabat. Tidak heran, orang-orang Yahudi memberikan kepada orang-orang Farisi tempat-tempat terbaik di tempat-tempat ibadah dan pesta-pesta, dan memanggil beberapa dari mereka sebagai Rabi atau guru.
The widows are one of the most disfranchised groups in ancient Israel. In those times, women, in general, were considered to be less human. Every time a Jewish man in first-century Palestine woke up, he would pray and thank the Lord for he was not born as a Gentile, a slave or a woman. Often, women were treated as the properties of the patriarchs. While adult men were working outside the house, women were expected to stay behind to take care of the children and the household. Since many women were supported by their husbands, being a widow means loss of both financial foothold and honor. They were lucky if they had mature sons who would take care of them, but those widows without sons were the most pitiful.
Para janda adalah salah satu kelompok yang paling terpinggirkan di Israel kuno. Pada masa itu, wanita pada umumnya dianggap sebagai manusia yang lebih rendah. Setiap kali seorang pria Yahudi di Palestina abad pertama bangun, dia akan berdoa dan bersyukur kepada Tuhan karena dia tidak dilahirkan sebagai orang bukan Yahudi, budak atau wanita. Seringkali, perempuan diperlakukan sebagai properti para kepala keluarga. Sementara para pria dewasa bekerja di luar rumah, para perempuan diharapkan tetap tinggal untuk menjaga anak-anak dan rumah. Karena banyak perempuan yang tergantung pada suami mereka, menjadi janda berarti kehilangan pijakan ekonomi dan kehormatan. Mereka beruntung jika mereka memiliki putra yang dewasa yang akan merawat mereka, dan ini membuat para janda tanpa putra adalah yang paling menyedihkan.
Suffering, sickness, and death do not care whether you are Jews or Samaritans, whether you are rich or poor, whether you are old or young. When it strikes, it strikes. In time of Jesus, leprosy or Hansen’s disease was still one of most dreadful sicknesses. It ate you your skin and made you ugly. It is highly contagious, and thus, cut you from your community. It was incurable and thus brought you a slow and agonizing death.
Penderitaan, penyakit, dan kematian menyerang tanpa pandang bulu. Tidak peduli apakah orang Yahudi atau orang Samaria, apakah kaya atau miskin, apakah tua atau muda. Pada zaman Yesus, kusta atau penyakit Hansen masih merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling mengerikan. Itu memakan kulit kita dan membuat kita jelek. Ini sangat menular, dan dengan demikian, dikucilkan dari komunitas. Penyakit ini tidak dapat disembuhkan dan dengan demikian membawa kematian yang lambat dan menyakitkan.
If there is one most powerful force in the universe, it will be faith. Jesus teaches us that even faith as small as a mustard seed can do the impossible. Jesus preaches that with this little faith, we can command a sycamore tree be uprooted and be planted in the sea. One of the smallest things on earth can move the most significant reality in the world. The sycamore tree has both deep, strong and widespread roots. It is just impossible to uproot it when it has grown mature. Yet, Jesus surprises further even by saying that we can replant this on the bed of the ocean. That makes it doubly impossible. Jesus is pushing his teaching on faith beyond natural human reasoning!
Jika ada satu kekuatan paling dahsyat di alam semesta, ini adalah iman. Yesus mengajarkan kepada kita bahwa iman sekecil biji sesawi dapat melakukan hal yang mustahil. Yesus menyatakan bahwa dengan iman yang kecil ini, kita dapat memerintahkan pohon ara dicabut dan ditanam di laut. Salah satu hal terkecil di bumi dapat menggerakkan realitas paling besar di dunia. Pohon ara memiliki akar yang dalam, kuat dan menyebar. Tidak mungkin mencabutnya ketika sudah dewasa. Namun, Yesus bahkan mengatakan bahwa kita tidak hanya mampu mencabutnya tetapi juga menanam kembali ini di dasar samudera. Itu membuatnya mustahilnya doble! Inilah hebatnya iman yang kita miliki.