3rd Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
January 26, 2025
Luke 1:1-4; 4:14-21
Luke addressed his Gospel to a man named Theophilus, but who exactly was he? And why did Luke dedicate his Gospel to him?

There are several interesting theories about Theophilus. The most widely accepted theory is that he was a sponsor for Luke in writing his Gospel. Two thousand years ago, producing a book was astronomically expensive. “Paper” was made either from animal skins or from papyrus, a plant that only grew along the Nile River in Egypt. Additionally, Luke had to cover “research costs.” Unlike other evangelists, Luke was not an eyewitness to the events of Jesus’ life. Therefore, to create a historically reliable document, he had to travel and interview eyewitnesses, such as some of the apostles and Mary, Jesus’ mother.
Since there were no printing machines at the time, Luke had to handwrite the text or hire a stenographer or copyist, significantly increasing the cost.
The Gospel of Luke is the longest of the four Gospels (it contains the most words). Luke also wrote the Acts of the Apostles. Together, these two works make up almost one-third of the entire New Testament. It is no wonder that Luke needed financial support from a wealthy individual for his costly project.
Luke addresses Theophilus as “κράτιστος” (kratistos), usually translated as “most excellent.” This title was commonly used to address individuals of high status and rank. Therefore, we can infer that Theophilus was more than capable of supporting Luke in writing the Gospel. But the next question arises: What was Theophilus’ relationship to Jesus? Was he a baptized Christian and a member of the early Church? Or was he just an interested individual who happened to want to learn about Jesus’ life?
If Theophilus was a baptized believer, Luke may have written his Gospel to deepen Theophilus’ knowledge of Jesus. Perhaps Theophilus would use the Gospel to instruct his local Christian community or parish. However, if Theophilus was not yet baptized, the Gospel could have served as a means of evangelization, introducing Christ to him and hopefully leading him and his family to faith.
Another interesting theory is that the name “Theophilus” does not refer to a single individual but rather to all believers. “Theophilus” is derived from two Greek words: “Theos” (meaning “God”) and “Philos” (meaning “friend” or “one who loves as a friend”). Therefore, Theophilus refers to anyone who loves God and desires to have a communion with Him. In this sense, Theophilus represents all Christians throughout the ages who seek a deeper friendship with God as they learn and contemplate on Jesus’ life through Luke’s Gospel. In this way, Luke dedicated his work to all Christians.
In the end, we may never know who Theophilus truly was, and we must wait until we reach heaven to find out. However, from both Luke and Theophilus, we learn that the work of evangelization is extremely difficult. Yet, they also show us that each person can contribute to this divine project. Some offer their talents in writing, some teach, and others provide various forms of support. While everyone can give their time and energy, some are called to preach to large audiences, while others are called to raise their families in faith. Each one of us can be a Theophilus in our own way—someone who loves God and desires for Him to be known by others.
Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP
Guide Questions:
Have we read the entire Gospel of Luke? What is my favorite episode in the Gospel of Luke? And why? What do we do to contribute to the work of evangelization? Do we help bring God closer to others? How?







