Tag: bible

Preaching the Gospel

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5th Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

February 5, 2024

Mark 1:29-39

Often, we believe that the task of preaching the Gospel is only for the bishops, the priests, and the deacons, or for the religious brothers and sisters or lay catechists. Yet, this is only partially true. The truth is that each baptized person has a responsibility. Yes, you and me! But How do we preach if we don’t have the talents or capacity to do that?

Firstly, we must recognize that to preach the Gospel is an essential part of our identity as Christians. To be Christian means we become the image of Christ, or ‘the other Christ’. In today’s Gospel, Jesus made it clear that His mission is to preach the Gospel. He refused to stop in one town and enjoy the praises of the people, but rather, He had to go to other places and preach. If Jesus is committed Himself in announcing the Good News, then we, as His image, are called to reflect this commitment also. A true Christian is one who faithfully preaches the Gospel.

Jesus recognizes this mission as part of His identity and hands it down to His Church as a commandment. After His resurrection, He instructed His disciples, “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything that I have commanded you (Mat 28:19-20).” Again, this mission is not optional but a must for every disciple of Jesus.

The Church understands this mission, and thus, she teaches us, “Lay people also fulfill their prophetic mission by evangelization, “that is, the proclamation of Christ by word and the testimony of life… (CCC 905).” St. Thomas Aquinas, a theologian, wrote, “To teach to lead others to faith is the task of every preacher and of each believer (STh. III,71,4 ad 3).”

Yet, how do we preach if we do not have a talent and gift? Firstly, we recognize that they are kinds of preaching particularly entrusted to the clergy, like in the liturgy. The reason is that the Church wants to ensure that preaching in this sacred venue will be done solemnly and according to orthodoxy. However, there are many other opportunities for lay people to preach, and even, in fact, there are contexts in which only lay people can bring the Gospel: marriage and family.

In the family context, men and women are bound not only by their baptism to preach the Gospel but also by their marriage’s promises. Husband and wife bring each other closer to God, and parents educate their children to love God and train them in holiness. This mission requires no special talent or training but time and commitment. We spend time praying together as a family at home or in the church. We teach our children basic prayers. We offer a good role model to our children. We bring our children to our parish for baptism and other sacraments and receive various faith instructions from the priests and catechists.

The mission to preach the Gospel is not only essential to our identity as disciples of Christ, and even our salvation depends on it. Let St. Paul’s words be our motto, “Woe to me if I don’t preach the gospel (1 Cor 9:16).”

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The unclean spirits

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Fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

January 28, 2024

Mark 1:21-28

One of the highlights of Jesus’ ministry is the exorcism of the unclean spirits. Mark, the evangelist even, does not hesitate to write that expelling the unclean spirits is part of Jesus’ teaching with authority. Jesus’ authority does not only affect His human hearers but also controls the unclean spirits. Yet, who are these unclean spirits? Why does Jesus have authority over them? And how do they affect our lives?

Based on the revelation and the tradition, the Church teaches that these spirits are also God’s creation. By nature, they are spirits or angels. As a spirit, they are creatures without a body, and since they are not affected by material limitations, they are naturally superior to us humans. However, unlike the good angels that use their power to help humans, these spirits do the opposite. They wish to harm men and women. That’s why they are called the evil spirits.

If God is good, why did God create evil beings? In the beginning, God created them as good spirits. Yet, as creatures with freedom, they made a definitive choice to go against their Creator. Their rebellion against God made them fall from grace, and thus, they were called ‘the fallen angels.’ (see CCC 391-395)

Then, why do the unclean spirits obey Jesus? The answer is straightforward. Jesus is their Creator. Jesus’ authority is reflected in the Greek word chosen when Jesus drives away the demons, ‘φιμοω’ (read: phimoo). Ordinarily, this word is translated as ‘be quiet,’ but literally, it means ‘to put a muzzle.’ It is like a farmer who places a muzzle on the mouth of his rowdy ox and thus puts it under submission. The idea is that Jesus is extremely powerful to the point that He could easily put evil spirits that are beyond human comprehension under His control.

One interesting fact also is that Mark does not call these fallen angels ‘evil spirits’ but rather ‘unclean spirits’ (πνευμα ἀκάθαρτον – pneuma akatarton). In the Jewish context, to be unclean means to be ritually unfit for God. Something or someone impure cannot enter the Temple of God and, thus, cannot offer worship and become far from God. These spirits are unclean precisely because they are not fit for God and, thus, far from Him.

We can also see the uncleanliness as an effect of the evil spirits. One who is under the dominion of the evil spirits becomes unclean and, thus, is far from God. One who lives in sin and, thus, distant from God is under the influence of evil spirits to a certain extent. From here, we can understand that Jesus’ mission to drive out the unclean spirits is an integral part of His mission to make people holy and to unite people with God.

The discussion on the evil spirits is certainly vast and intriguing, but it suffices to say that Jesus is infinitely superior to the evil spirits. Therefore, to live with and in Jesus is the only way to drive away the unclean ones. It is also true that as we go closer to Jesus, the evil spirits will double their efforts, and in this situation, all the more we must cling to Jesus.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

What is Gospel?

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Third Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

January 21, 2023

Mark 1:14-20

Jesus began His ministry by preaching, “The time has been fulfilled, the kingdom is at hand; repent and believe in the Gospel!” Yet, the question is, ‘What is the Gospel we need to believe in?’ Indeed, it is not the four written Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) since these were written years after Jesus’ death and resurrection. So, what is the Gospel here?

The most basic understanding of the Gospel is ‘the good news.’ It comes from the Greek word ‘ευαγγελιον’ (read: Evangelion). This word itself is composed of two elements: ‘ευ’ meaning ‘happy’ or ‘good,’ then ‘αγγελιον’ meaning ‘news.’ In the time of Jesus, the word ‘ευαγγελιον’ is not just any good news like “I passed the exam” or “I received a bonus.” The word is an imperial technical term to point to the emperor’s major victory or to the emperor’s birthday celebration. Every time ‘ευαγγελιον’ was announced, there would be great joy among the people because the enemy had been defeated, and now the residents of the empire may live in peace.

Jesus used the same imperial vocabulary but adjusted its content to His purpose. It was no longer about the good news about the Roman empire but about the Kingdom of God. It was no longer about the emperor’s glory but now about Jesus. Those living at that time may respond differently to Jesus’ Gospel. One could consider Jesus insane, delusional, or a liar, and thus, His Gospel was nothing but a laughable lie. Others might see Jesus as subversive; thus, His Gospel was a call to rebellion against the Roman empire. We recall also that this subversive understanding of the Gospel was later used to accuse Jesus before Pilate. Jesus was ‘the king of the Jews’ against the Roman emperor.

However, Jesus proved these assumptions were simply incorrect. Jesus did not preach empty words; He taught with authority and performed mighty miracles. Even the demons were obedient to His words. He was not also a revolutionary political fighter because His Kingdom is not of this world (see John 18:36), and how He refused to be made king by his supporters (see John 6:15). Jesus’ Kingdom is the Kingdom of God of holiness. The only way to enter is repentance (metanoia). The word metanoia presupposes a change of ‘mind’ or ‘lifestyle’ from a life of sins and far from God into a life according to God’s law and, thus, life with God.

Thus, from this perspective, we can say that ‘believe in the Gospel’ means that we believe in the Kingdom of God and Jesus, the king of the Kingdom, who saves us from sins and brings us back to God. And the way to believe is none other than repentance. To say, “I believe in Jesus,” yet we keep stealing other people’s money, is just nonsense. To say, “I trust in God,” but we keep breaking His laws and commandments, is useless. ‘

Another interesting fact! The actual Greek Mark used for ‘believe’ is ‘πιστεύετε’ (pisteuete), and grammatically, it is imperative mode in the present tense. In ancient Greece, this imperative presence means a command to do something, not one time but continuously. Thus, Mark wants to emphasize that belief is a continuous process rather than a one-time action. Belief in Jesus is something that is growing and dynamic rather than static.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Name and Holiness

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2nd Sunday in the Ordinary Time [B]

January 14, 2024

John 1:35-42

At the beginning of John’s Gospel, we encounter three acts of naming. Firstly, when John the Baptist saw Jesus, he called Him ‘The Lamb of God’. Then, after staying for a day with Jesus, Andrew called Him the ‘Messiah’ or ‘Christ’ [meaning: the anointed one]. Lastly, after Jesus encountered Simon, Andrew’s brother, He named him ‘Cephas’ in Aramaic, or ‘Petros’ in Greek [meaning: rock]. Why the act of naming is important in the Gospel?

We recall that the act of naming fundamentally belongs to God. God is omnipotent, and so, with every name God uttered, that name became a reality, from nothing to something. “God said, ‘Let there be light!’ And, there was light.” Every time God named and created something, the ever-greater goodness took place. On the final day, God named ‘the seventh day’ as ‘holy.’ Holiness is when a name becomes a reality and that reality reaches its fullness and perfection according to God’s plan.

The Holy Spirit inspired John the Baptist to name Jesus as the Lamb of God. This brings forth the reality that Jesus would be ‘slaughtered’ and ‘consumed’ to save His people from the slavery of sin, like the Passover lamb that was slaughtered and eaten to protect the Israelites from death and liberate them from slavery in Egypt. The Holy Spirit also inspired Andrew to name Jesus as the Messiah. This reveals the reality that Jesus is the promised Anointed one who would fulfill the promises and prophecies of the Old Testament, especially as the King of the New Israel. Jesus’ name is holy because precisely in His name, God’s redemption plan reached its full reality. After all, He is the Word that was made flesh (see John 1:14).

When Jesus called Simon and gave him a new name, ‘Cephas,’ the new reality came into existence. Simon would become the rock where Jesus’ Church rested. Obviously, Simon was impulsive, short-tempered, and even cowardly. Yet, since Jesus named him, the name was part of Jesus’ divine plan. Jesus knew Simon was weak; Jesus allowed Simon to falter, yet Jesus also transformed and empowered him. The name that Jesus had planted at their first encounter finally became a full reality when Simon offered his life as a martyr of Christ in the city of Rome.

We believe that we exist not because of random chance, utterly unplanned, but because of God’s divine plan. We are in the world not only because of biological processes but because God gives us a name, from nothingness to reality. Indeed, God allows us to experience suffering and even failures, yet this is also part of His plan to make us holy.

Holiness is when the names God gave us become more and more reality. How? Like Simon, we do our best to follow His will in our lives, be more patient in suffering, and avoid anything that strays from Him.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Wives, Husband and Family in God’s Plan

On By bayuopIn Christmas, EnglishLeave a comment

Feast of the Holy Family of Jesus, Mary and Joseph

December 31, 2023

Luke 2:22-40

“Wives, be subordinate to your husbands, as is fitting in the Lord [Col 1:18].” To us, modern readers, the words of St. Paul raise our eyebrows. How come St. Paul instructed women to be subjected and even slaves to men? Were not men and women created equal in dignity? Is St. Paul anti-women or even a misogynist?

To answer these objections, we must understand the historical context of St. Paul and the Church in Colossae. In the Greco-Roman society of the first century AD, women were basically the household property of men. They were primarily responsible for producing legitimate heirs to their husbands and were expected to care for the house. They were to obey their husbands in all respects. Indeed, there were strong and dominant women, but these were exceptions. Even for the women of nobility, though they enjoyed rare lives of luxury, they also turned out to be political tools. They were offered as brides to secure political alliances and the families’ economic security.

Reading St. Paul in this context, his letter is, in fact, revolutionary. In the section of the instructions to the Christian families (see Col 3:18-21), St. Paul did not write, “Husbands, tell your wives that they need to be your subjects!” Instead, he addressed his female readers directly and made his instructions clear to them. This writing style unearthed Paul’s fundamental understanding of the relationship between men and women: wives stand on equal ground with their husbands. What is even more remarkable is that St. Paul mentioned the women first and the men second. This was unheard of! St. Paul transgressed the cultural limitations to preach, “For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus [Gal 3:27-28].”

Now, how do we understand Paul’s word, ‘be subordinate’? St. Paul used the original Greek word ‘ὑποτάσσω’ (read: hupotasso). It literally means ‘to be assigned under.’ So, the wives are assigned under the husbands. Yet, it does not mean that women are lower in human dignity and status in the family. St. Paul understood that the human family is also a form of human community, and any human community need ‘order’ to flourish. A leader is a responsible person who ensures that the order works properly and, thus, generates the greatest good for everyone in the community. In a family context, St. Paul recognized the husband is the leader of an order called family.

St. Paul further clarified this ‘subordination’ by his instruction to the husbands, “Husbands, love your wives, and avoid any bitterness toward them.” For Paul, family is an order of love. Yes, the men are the heads of families, but they are not tyrants but the leaders of love. Men who are naturally stronger physically are expected to protect and provide for the family. Paul expected husbands to give up their lives for their families, as Christ gave His life for the Church (see Eph 5:25). Thus, ‘ὑποτάσσω’ means that wives are under the radical love of husbands.

We recognize that Paul’s ideal is not always happening. Because of our weakness and the devil’s attack, we fall into sin, and we fail to become a good husband or wife. Yet, we must not lose hope because this is God’s plan for us, and we continue to strive in holiness through God’s grace.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Joy of Christmas

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The Nativity of our Lord (Christmas)

December 25, 2023

Luke 2:1-14

Merry Christmas!

The Lord is born, and there is a great joy in heaven and earth. However, what is the reason behind this joy of Christmas? There is joy not because we can gather with our family and relatives and have a good Christmas party. The joy is not because we have gifts and bonuses, nor because we travel and have our vacations. So, what is behind this joy?

Christmas is the day that our Savior is born. This birth is not just a natural biological process involving a man and a woman. This birth is a supernatural event that takes its root from God’s love for us, pitiful sinners. God had countless options to redeem us, yet He chose the most intimate way. God the Father sent His Son, and the Son took His second nature, that is, human nature in the Virgin Mary. In this way, God becomes intimately close to us, thus, His title, Immanuel, God-with-us. He is with us not only in spiritual or mystical manners but in the most humanly possible. He is a baby Mary could feed, Joseph could embrace, and shepherds could see.

However, Christmas is the cause of rejoicing not only in a theological sense but also because it is a strong reminder for all of us. We are living in a changing culture and mindset. Many couples no longer want to have children. Indeed, there are some valid reasons, such as economic hardship that makes it impossible to raise children or certain medical conditions that can be dangerous for the mothers. Yet, many also consider having children a burden, and thus, want only to have the fun things in marriage but get away with the difficult parts, including raising children.

However, Christmas reminds us that while it is true that having children carries its own hardship, it also brings joy. It is true that after receiving Jesus, Mary and Joseph did not get a better life; in fact, they had to endure more suffering. Yet, Mary and Joseph celebrated the birth of the Son of God. We must not forget that the countless angelic community sang glory to the Lord in heaven, and on earth, the shepherds rushed to joyfully greet Mary and Joseph [see Luk 2].

Getting pregnant is indeed a painful and laborious process, and educating our children can often be economically and emotionally challenging. Yet, God also provides abundant joy for parents. There is immense and indescribable joy when the mother sees her newborn baby for the first time. When the parents lovingly interact with their babies, the bodies intensely produce ‘positive’ hormones like oxytocin and dopamine. A friend who recently had a baby recounted her joy every time she noticed simple yet significant growth in her baby. There is joy when the baby begins to pronounce words clearly. There is joy when the baby starts recognising and distinguishing her parents’ faces from others.

Christmas teaches us that there is great joy in heaven when a baby is conceived and born because this baby is a potential citizen of heaven. Now, it is our joy to bring our children entrusted to us to God and share the fullness of life with Him.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Rejoice, Pray, and Give Thanks

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Gaudete Sunday. 3rd Sunday of Advent [B]

December 17, 2023

John 1:6-8, 19-28

In this Gaudete Sunday, St Paul teaches, “Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In all circumstances, give thanks, for this is the will of God for you in Christ Jesus. [1 The 5:16].” St. Paul gives us three fundamental characteristics of Christians: to rejoice always, pray ceaselessly, and give thanks in all things. St. Paul reminds us that these characters are not an option but God’s will for us. Yet, how can we be joyful amid suffering? How can we pray when we are occupied with our duties and work? How can we give thanks in times of trial?

The key is that we cannot rely on our power but on God’s grace that empowers us to do these three impossible tasks. Through God’s grace, we are empowered to rejoice always, even amid difficult times. Rejoice [Greek ‘χαίρω’ – chairo] is neither simply a fleeting emotion nor happiness that comes from externally induced substance. To rejoice is an action we choose to do. This action flows from the realization that God is in control of every event of our lives. Even in the most painful moments, God allows those to occur because He has a good purpose for us. Indeed, God does not tell us in advance His plans, making it complicated. Yet, the Holy Spirit comes and bestows us faith and hope in Him and His providence.

God’s grace also enables us to thank the Lord every moment. To be grateful and to rejoice are, in fact, closely connected, just like two sides of the same coin. We can give thanks in all circumstances because the Holy Spirit helps us to see that everything we do and experience has a purpose. And, when everything we do, we do for the love of God. This act became a blessing and a cause of joy. The word for give thanks in Greek is ‘εὐχαριστέω’ [eucharisteo], and it has the same root as the word Eucharist. Thus, every time we celebrate the Eucharist, we offer our sacrifice of Jesus Christ and our lives as thanksgiving to God.

Lastly, how do we pray without ceasing? To spend a little time for prayer every day is already difficult. Does it mean we have to resign from our jobs, abandon our responsibilities in the family, and enter seclusion to pray? Indeed, there are better things to do than this. To pray unceasingly can be done at least in two ways. Firstly, we pray as a community of believers, the Church, one body of Christ. Thus, when we cannot pray this time, other brothers and sisters in other places will pray for us and on our behalf. Since millions of Catholics pray worldwide, our prayers are unbroken and unstoppable.

Secondly, we rely on the Holy Spirit to pray for us. St. Paul himself told us, “Likewise the Spirit helps us in our weakness; for we do not know how to pray as we ought, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with sighs too deep for words (Rom 8:26-27).” We ask the Holy Spirit to be present and sanctify every activity of our day, and before we rest, we offer our day to the Lord.

Rejoice always, pray ceaselessly, and give thanks in all things!

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP