Tag: Conversion

Jesus and Exorcism

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Fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

January 31, 2021

Mark 1:21-28

Jesus performed His first exorcism in the Gospel of Mark. Reading the context, we discover that Jesus was teaching in the synagogue, and the people recognized Him teaching with authority. When Jesus taught with authority, it does not merely mean He preached with eloquence and chrism, but His teachings manifested in powerful signs, like healings and exorcism.

The word exorcism is usually understood as expelling the evil spirits or demons from a person possessed or a place infected. Unfortunately, because of Hollywood movies’ influence, the understanding of exorcism has been corrupted, deformed, and even ridiculed. Yet, the Catholic Church, exorcism is rooted in Jesus Christ Himself.

The literal meaning of ‘exorcism’ is to ‘bind with an oath.’ Then, how did this word become related to evil spirits? When we swear an oath, we need to invoke a higher being as the guarantor of our promise. Naturally, an oath is to say a pledge by invoking the Lord Himself as a witness. In the context of exorcism, the priest-exorcist will invoke the name of God to bind the demons and send them ‘at the feet of the cross of Jesus’ for the judgment. There is no genuine and effective exorcism without invoking the name and power of the true God.

What is interesting is that Jesus drove out demons without invoking the name of God. He said, “Quiet, come out of him!” Jesus was exorcising with His authority, and the demons obeyed Him because they recognized His divine power. The demons also acknowledge Jesus not as Messiah or the king of the Jews, but as ‘the Holy One of God.’ If we go back to the Old Testament, this particular title refers to Israel’s high priest. “… Aaron, the holy one of the Lord… [Psa 106:16].” The demons revealed another dimension of Jesus’ identity: He is the high priest. From this truth, we may conclude that exorcism is a priestly duty.

Participating in the high priestly office of Jesus, the bishops are the chief exorcists in their dioceses. We remember that bishops are high priests in their respective dioceses. Each bishop then may appoint and delegate some well-trained priests to become exorcists. I was fortunate to meet and discuss many things with Fr. Jose Syquia, an exorcist of the Archdiocese of Manila.

However, we must not forget that we also share in the priesthood of Jesus Christ because of our baptism. So, we also have authority over the evil spirits. As laity, we are allowed to say specific prayers of deliverance when we feel extraordinary presence and activities of the evil spirits. The prayer to St. Michael, the archangel, is most recommended for the laity. Yet, we must not forget that the evil spirits work in very subtle ways, primarily through temptations to sin. Often, without realizing it, we are already under the control of the devil as we live a life full of vices. This is our daily war against the kingdom of Satan, and we cannot win without invoking the name of Jesus, constant prayers, the sacraments, and the help of the Church.

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Pride and Humility

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26th Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]

September 27, 2020

Matthew 21:28-31

Reading the entire Matthew chapter 21, we will get the sense of the parable of the two sons of the vineyard owner. Jesus just entered the city of Jerusalem and was welcomed by the people with a shout of “Hosanna” and palm branches. Then, he proceeded to the Temple area to cleanse it from the malpractices plaguing the holy ground. Thus, the elders and chief priests, the one who was in charge of the Temple, questioned Jesus, “who are you? By what authority do you act and teach?”

Thus, Jesus answered them through a parable. This parable speaks of two sons; the first representing the elders and the second the tax collectors and prostitutes. Yet, to the surprise of the elders, far from being the protagonists of the story, they turn to be the villains. To add insult to the injury, the elders were practically in the worse condition than these tax collectors, because they are still far from the vineyard, from salvation. However, instead of repenting, the elders got infuriated and decided to finish Jesus once for all.

The question is “why were the tax collectors able to repent while the elders were not?” The answer is something to do with two opposing powers: at one side of the ring is humility and the other is pride. We begin with pride. Based on the Church’s tradition, pride is the deadliest of seven deadly sins. St. Thomas Aquinas explained that pride is “an excessive desire for one’s own excellence which rejects subjection to God.” In short, proud men regard themselves better than others to the point of contempt. What makes pride so dangerous, it may lead even people to think they are self-sufficient and has no need even of God.

Pride is extremely subtle because it can take root even in spiritual matters. We cannot say that I am lustful for prayer, but we can be proud of our spiritual life. We see ourselves holier and more pious than others based on our standards.

At the opposite corner is humility. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, humility is a virtue that “temper and restrain the mind, lest it tends to high things immoderately.” In short, humility is the antidote of pride. Humility is rooted in the Latin word “humus” meaning soil. Humble persons recognize their identity as coming from the dust, and the breath of life and perfections are gifts of God. This humility will bring gratitude because we realized that despite nothing but dust, God is boundlessly generous and merciful to us.

However, humility and cowardice are often confused. Cowardice manifests in low self-esteem, lack of confidence, and poor in responsibility. Cowardice is rooted in incomplete and even distorted self-image. While humility begins with the right understanding of the self, that we are gratuitously loved by God. Humble people are strong people because only strong ones can confess their sins. Humble persons are mature persons because only mature ones are able to own their weakness, say sorry, and ask for help. Humble men and women are tough people because it is hard to forgive.

 

Lord, grant us humility, that we may follow Your holy will.

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

 

Fraternal Correction

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23rd Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]

September 6, 2020

Matthew 18:15-20

josh-applegate-_TgzNXPF9IM-unsplash

Today’s Gospel is well known as the fraternal correction or the way to correct our brothers. However, if we carefully read the text, we discover what being corrected is not simply about our appearance, mannerism, or etiquette. The concern of Jesus is about sin. Jesus does not teach us to correct someone who has a weird hairstyle, or someone who sleeps with a huge snore, or someone whose way of talking we do not like. If there is something that makes Jesus angry is none other than sin. Why so? Sin can destroy our relationship with God, and it closes the gate of heaven. Jesus’ mission is to bring forgiveness of sin and to undo the effects of sin, but if we refuse to repent and keep sinning, we throw insults to the sacrifice of Christ.

Jesus gives us the three stages of correcting a brother who lives in sin. The first level is a personal and compassionate reminder. We must not speak behind the person, but rather dare to confront and yet with charity. Just in case, the person is still obstinate, we activate the second level: calling two or three witnesses. The presence of witnesses will substantiate our claim. Yet, if the person remains stubborn, we shall appeal to the Church. We need to remember that the Church in Matthew 18 is not just an assembly of the believers, but the apostles, the authorities of the Church. If again, the person persists in his sin, then the Church has to treat him like gentiles and tax collectors.

Gentiles are non-Jewish nations and because they were not circumcised and worshiped idols, they are considered unclean and sinners. While the tax collectors were people who work for the Roman empire, and because their constant contact with the Romans and their corrupt practices, made them also unclean and sinners. The unclean people are not allowed to enter the Temple and synagogues to worship God. Thus, treating an obstinate brother like a pagan and tax collector means to separate him from the assembly in worship. This technical term for this is excommunication. This word is coming Latin words: “ex-” meaning outside, and “communion” meaning community or fellowship. Thus, being excommunicated is outside of the worshiping community. Thus, excommunicated persons are not allowed to receive the Holy communion, the sign of unity of the Body of Christ.

Excommunication seems to be too cruel, yet looking in a bigger perspective, it is a way of mercy, rather simply a tool of punishment. In fact, the Church rarely pronounced the sentence of excommunication. Most of the cases, it is the people who walk away from the Church and separate themselves from God and His people. We must also remember that Jesus is loving the gentiles and the tax collectors, calling them to repentance and performing many miracles for them. Our love for our brothers who are living sin remains and even gets intensified. The reason is that Jesus does not want them to perish, but live with God. We correct our erring brothers and sisters not because we hate them, but because we love them and because we are part of the same family of God. We are responsible for one another and we shall keep our brothers and sisters in our way toward heaven.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Fraterna Correctio

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Minggu ke-23 dalam Waktu Biasa [A]

6 September 2020

Matius 18: 15-20

bundo-kim-KYRHKbcWdYM-unsplashInjil kita hari ini dikenal dalam Bahasa Latin sebagai fraterna correctio atau cara mengoreksi saudara kita. Namun, jika kita membaca teks dengan cermat, apa yang dikoreksi bukan hanya tentang penampilan, tingkah laku, atau etiket kita. Yesus berbicara tentang dosa. Yesus tidak mengajari kita untuk mengoreksi seseorang yang memiliki gaya rambut aneh, atau seseorang yang tidur mendengkur. Jika ada sesuatu yang membuat Yesus marah tidak lain adalah dosa. Kenapa begitu? Dosa bisa menghancurkan hubungan kita dengan Tuhan, dan menutup gerbang surga. Misi Yesus adalah untuk membawa pengampunan dosa dan untuk menghilangkan efek dosa, tetapi jika kita menolak untuk bertobat dan terus berbuat dosa, kita menghina pengorbanan Kristus.

Yesus memberi kita tiga tahap mengoreksi saudara yang hidup dalam dosa. Tingkat pertama adalah pengingatkan secara pribadi dan penuh kasih. Kita tidak boleh berbicara di belakang orang tersebut, tetapi dengan berani untuk berkonfrontasi namun dengan kasih. Jika orang tersebut masih keras kepala, kita berlanjut ke tingkat kedua: memanggil dua atau tiga saksi. Kehadiran saksi akan memperkuat klaim kita. Namun, jika orang itu tetap keras kepala, kita akan banding kepada Gereja. Perlu kita ingat bahwa Gereja dalam Matius 18 bukan hanya kumpulan orang-orang beriman, tetapi para rasul atau otoritas Gereja. Namun, jika orang itu tetap dalam dosanya, Gereja harus memperlakukan dia seperti orang kafir dan pemungut cukai.

Bangsa-bangsa bukan Yahudi tidak disunat dan menyembah berhala, oleh karena itu mereka dianggap najis dan berdosa. Sedangkan pemungut cukai adalah orang-orang yang bekerja untuk kekaisaran Romawi, dan karena kontak mereka yang terus-menerus dengan orang Romawi dan praktik korupsi mereka, mereka dianggap juga najis dan berdosa. Orang-orang najis tidak diizinkan masuk ke Bait Allah dan sinagoga untuk menyembah Tuhan. Jadi, memperlakukan saudara yang keras kepala seperti orang-orang non-Yahudi dan pemungut cukai berarti memisahkan dia dari peribadatan. Istilah teknis untuk ini adalah ekskomunikasi. Kata ini berasal dari kata Latin: “ex-” yang berarti di luar, dan “communio” yang berarti komunitas atau persekutuan. Jadi, ekskomunikasi berada di luar komunitas yang berdoa. Dengan demikian, orang-orang yang diekskomunikasi tidak diperbolehkan menerima Komuni Kudus, yang adalah tanda kesatuan Tubuh Kristus.

Ekskomunikasi tampaknya terlalu kejam, namun melihat dalam perspektif yang lebih besar, itu adalah cara belas kasih, bukan sekadar alat hukuman. Pada kenyataannya, Gereja sangat jarang menjatuhkan sanksi ekskomunikasi. Sebagian besar kasus, adalah pribadi-pribadi itu sendiri yang menjauh dari Gereja dan memisahkan diri mereka dari Tuhan dan umat-Nya. Kita juga harus ingat bahwa Yesus juga mengasihi orang-orang bukan Yahudi dan pemungut cukai, memanggil mereka untuk bertobat, dan melakukan banyak Mujizat bagi mereka. Kasih kita kepada saudara-saudara kita yang hidup dalam dosa tetap ada dan bahkan semakin kuat. Mengapa? karena Yesus tidak ingin mereka binasa, tetapi hidup bersama Tuhan. Kita mengoreksi saudara dan saudari kita bukan karena kita membenci mereka, tetapi karena kita mengasihi mereka dan karena kita adalah bagian dari keluarga Allah yang sama. Kita bertanggung jawab satu sama lain dan kita akan menjaga saudara-saudari kita tetap berjalan menuju surga.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Temptations

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First Sunday of Lent

February 26, 2020

Matthew 4:1-11

Jesus is tempted - Matthew 4:1-11

The first Sunday of Lent begins the story of Jesus in the desert, fasting and being tempted by the devil. St. Matthew gives us more details in the story temptations, and from Matthew, we discover the threefold temptations of Christ. Why did Satan tempt Jesus? Why three temptations?

The temptation of Jesus took place after the baptism of Jesus and right before His public ministry of Jesus. His temptation brings us back to the first temptation in the garden of Eden. As Satan engineered the fall of humanity in deceiving the first Adam, the same evil agent executed the same assault to Jesus, the new Adam.

Why three? The ancient Jewish rabbis believe that the serpent who represented the Devil tempted Adam and Eve with three things. “..when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise [Gen 3:6].” Firstly, the devil made the fruit as something good to eat. Secondly, the devil made Eve perceive that the fruit was a sight to behold. Lastly, the devil made Eve believe that the fruit is the source of wisdom. The first temptation is called the sin of the belly since it attacks our weak flesh [gluttony and sexual sins]. The second is the sin of the sight because through the eyes, we see things we do not have, and we desire to possess them [envy, possessiveness, and stealing]. Lastly, but most potent is the sin of pride. This temptation makes people think that they can dethrone God and put themselves as the new gods.

When dealing with Jesus, the devil applied the same technique. The devil offered Jesus to use His power to satisfy His hunger. The devil brought Jesus to see all the beautiful things in the world to possess. And, the devil asks Jesus to demonstrate His power to show His divinity and authority to the people. However, Jesus did not fall into the temptation, and thus, undid the first Adam’s failure.

How did Jesus counter the devil’s attack? Three things: fasting and abstinence, almsgiving, and prayer. Fasting and abstinence have been an ancient practice to moderate one’s desires. While the devil wants us to fall into the sin of the flesh and enjoy the bodily pleasures, fasting and abstinence put in check our passions. While the devil influences us to get more and possess things even at the expense of other people, almsgiving enables us to be generous and feel sufficient with what we have.  While the devil tries to convince us that we can be the master of our lives, prayers remind us that there is God, and we are not Him.

This Lenten season is precisely a time for us to be aware of our human weaknesses and how the devil exploits them. Yet, we are not without hope; Jesus gives us His grace to counter this temptation and three Lenten practices [fast, abstinence, almsgiving and prayer] as our weapons.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Godaan

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Hari Minggu Prapaskah Pertama

26 Februari 2020

Matius 4:1-11

temptation of jesus 2Hari Minggu Prapaskah pertama dimulai dengan kisah Yesus di padang gurun, berpuasa dan dicobai oleh iblis. Matius memberi kita lebih banyak perincian dalam kisah pencobaan, dan dari Matius, kita menemukan tiga pencobaan Kristus. Mengapa Setan menggoda Yesus? Kenapa tiga godaan?

Pencobaan Yesus terjadi setelah pembaptisan Yesus dan tepat sebelum Yesus memulai karya-Nya. Pencobaan-Nya membawa kita kembali ke pencobaan pertama di taman Eden. Ketika Setan merekayasa kejatuhan umat manusia dengan menipu Adam yang pertama, Setan yang sama melakukan serangan yang sama kepada Yesus, sang Adam yang baru.

Mengapa tiga? Para rabi Yahudi kuno percaya bahwa ular yang mewakili Iblis menggoda Adam dan Hawa dengan tiga hal. “… ketika wanita itu melihat bahwa pohon itu baik untuk makanan, dan buah itu menyenangkan mata, dan bahwa pohon itu diinginkan untuk membuat orang bijak [Kej 3: 6].” Pertama, iblis menjadikan buah sebagai sesuatu yang baik untuk dimakan. Kedua, iblis membuat Hawa merasakan bahwa buah itu adalah pemandangan yang harus dilihat. Terakhir, iblis membuat Hawa percaya bahwa buah adalah sumber kebijaksanaan. Pencobaan pertama disebut dosa perut karena ia menyerang kedagingan kita yang lemah [kerakusan dan dosa seksual]. Yang kedua adalah dosa penglihatan karena melalui mata, kita melihat hal-hal yang tidak kita miliki, dan kita berhasrat untuk memilikinya [iri, posesif, dan mencuri]. Terakhir, tetapi yang paling ganas adalah dosa kesombongan. Godaan ini membuat orang berpikir bahwa mereka dapat melengserkan Tuhan dan menempatkan diri mereka sebagai tuhan-tuhan baru.

Ketika berhadapan dengan Yesus, iblis menerapkan teknik yang sama. Iblis menawarkan Yesus untuk menggunakan kuasa-Nya untuk memuaskan rasa lapar-Nya. Iblis membawa Yesus untuk melihat semua hal indah di dunia untuk dimiliki. Dan, iblis meminta Yesus untuk menunjukkan kuasa-Nya untuk menunjukkan keilahian dan otoritas-Nya kepada orang-orang. Namun, Yesus tidak jatuh ke dalam pencobaan, dan dengan demikian, membatalkan kegagalan Adam yang pertama.

Bagaimana cara Yesus melawan serangan iblis? Tiga hal: puasa dan pantang, amal, dan doa. Puasa dan pantang telah menjadi praktik kuno untuk mengontrol hasrat kita. Sementara iblis ingin kita jatuh ke dalam dosa kedagingan dan menikmati kesenangan tubuh, puasa dan pantang mengendalikan nafsu kita. Sementara iblis memengaruhi kita untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak dan memiliki barang-barang bahkan dengan mengorbankan orang lain, amal memungkinkan kita untuk bermurah hati dan merasa cukup dengan apa yang kita miliki. Sementara iblis berusaha meyakinkan kita bahwa kita dapat menjadi penguasa dalam hidup kita, doa mengingatkan kita bahwa Tuhan itu ada, dan kita bukan Dia.

Masa Prapaskah ini adalah saat yang tepat bagi kita untuk menyadari kelemahan manusia kita dan bagaimana iblis mengeksploitasi mereka. Namun, kita bukannya tanpa harapan; Yesus memberi kita rahmat-Nya untuk melawan pencobaan ini dan tiga praktik Prapaskah [puasa, pantang, amal, dan doa] sebagai senjata kita.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Like John the Baptist

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2nd Sunday of Advent [A] – [December 8, 2019] – Matthew 3:1-12

john-the-baptist-mafaJohn the Baptist is a prominent figure in four Gospels, and he powerfully appears before Jesus begins His public ministry. But, who is this John the Baptist? His name is simply John, and the Church calls him the Baptist to distinguish him from other John in the Bible like John the son of Zebedee, one of Jesus’ disciples. John the Baptist is the miracle son of Zacharia and Elizabeth in their old days. And since Elizabeth and Mary, the mother of Jesus, are relatives, John and Jesus are closely related to each other.

Certainly, there is something strange about this John. He is eating locust and honey. Surely, it is an exotic food, but we need to remember he is living in the desert, and this kind of food is common. He is wearing clothing made of camel’s hair and a leather belt around his waist. It is just a fashion statement or he has nothing to wear. John’s clothing reminds us of the things Prophet Elijah wore in his time [see 1 Kings 1:8]. John is presenting himself as a prophet, and not any prophet, he is the new Elijah. The appearance of Elijah is an important sign of the imminent coming of the Messiah [Mal 4:5].

One thing for sure about John is that he becomes very popular, and people from all over the country come to him, to listen to his preaching and to be baptized as a sign of repentance. Yet, despite the great number of followers, he remains true to his mission. He is preaching on the coming of someone who is much greater than him, even he declares that “is unworthy to carry His sandals.” He is God’s instrument in fulfilling the prophecy, and he has a specific role to play.

Now, we know a little background about John the Baptist, what will be next for us? Certainly, we are not called to follow him in wearing clothing made of camel’s hair or to eat locust everyday, but we are to prepare the way for the coming of the Savior. How? Some of us are called literally to baptize people like myself. Some are commissioned to preach and educate people. Yet, all of us is to live a life of repentance. The repentance has to be alive and penetrating all aspects of life. The word used by John in Greek is “metanoiete” and it does not simply mean “repent!” but more precisely, “keep repenting!”

The first stage of repentance is certainly turning away from a sinful life, but it is more than that. Repentance is not about one-done-deal action, but a life-long process. The word “Metanoia” is coming from two words, “meta” meaning “changing” and “nous” meaning “mind”; Thus, “metanoia” means changing of mind, changing the way we see life and the way we live. Our mind is no longer earth-bond, but fixed into God. The transformation is not from sinful life to a good life, but a life that is even closer to God. It implies changing of priority. Do we make God our priority? It entails holiness. Do we do things that are pleasing to God? This presupposes the love of God. Do we love God more than other things, or do we love other things more than Him?

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Seperti Yohanes Pembaptis

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Minggu ke-2 Adven [A] – [8 Desember 2019] – Matius 3: 1-12

John-the-Baptist-212x300Yohanes Pembaptis adalah tokoh terkemuka dalam keempat Injil, dan Yohanes muncul sebelum Yesus memulai pelayanan dan karnya-Nya. Tetapi, siapakah Yohanes Pembaptis ini? Namanya Yohanes, dan Gereja memanggilnya sebagai Pembaptis untuk membedakannya dari Yohanes lainnya dalam Alkitab seperti Yohanes putra Zebedeus, salah satu murid Yesus. Yohanes Pembaptis adalah putra Zakharia dan Elisabet yang terlahir di masa tua mereka. Dan karena Elizabeth dan Maria, ibu Yesus, masih saudara, Yohanes dan Yesus saling berhubungan erat.

Tentu saja, ada yang aneh dengan Yohanes ini. Dia memakan belalang dan madu. Tentunya, ini adalah makanan eksotis, tetapi kita harus ingat dia hidup di padang gurun, dan makanan seperti ini adalah hal biasa. Dia mengenakan pakaian yang terbuat dari rambut unta dan sabuk kulit di pinggangnya. Hal ini bukan berarti Yohanes suka berbusana trendi atau kekinin. Pakaian Yohanes mengingatkan orang-orang Yahudi akan hal-hal yang dikenakan Nabi Elia di masanya [lihat 1 Raja-Raja 1: 8]. Yohanes menunjukkan dirinya sebagai nabi, dan bukan nabi biasa, ia adalah Elia baru. Munculnya Elia adalah tanda penting dari kedatangan Mesias yang akan segera terjadi [Mal 4: 5].

Satu hal yang pasti tentang Yohanes adalah bahwa ia menjadi sangat populer, dan orang-orang dari seluruh negeri datang kepadanya, untuk mendengarkan khotbahnya dan untuk dibaptis sebagai tanda pertobatan. Namun, terlepas dari jumlah pengikut yang besar, ia tetap setia pada misinya. Dia mewartakan tentang kedatangan seseorang yang jauh lebih besar darinya, bahkan dia menyatakan bahwa “tidak layak untuk membawa sandal-Nya.” Dia adalah alat Tuhan dalam memenuhi nubuat, dan dia memiliki peran khusus untuk dimainkan.

Sekarang, kita tahu sedikit latar belakang tentang Yohanes Pembaptis, apa yang akan terjadi selanjutnya bagi kita? Tentu saja, kita tidak dipanggil untuk mengikutinya dalam mengenakan pakaian yang terbuat dari rambut unta atau makan belalang setiap hari, tetapi kita harus mempersiapkan jalan bagi kedatangan Juruselamat. Bagaimana? Beberapa dari kita dipanggil memang untuk membaptis orang seperti saya. Beberapa ditugaskan untuk mengabar dan mendidik orang. Namun, kita semua harus menjalani kehidupan pertobatan. Kata yang digunakan oleh Yohanes dalam bahasa Yunani adalah “metanoiete” dan itu tidak hanya berarti “bertobat!” Tetapi lebih tepatnya, “teruslah bertobat!”

Tahap pertobatan pertama tentu saja beralih dari kehidupan dosa, tetapi lebih dari itu. Pertobatan bukan tentang satu dua tindakan saja, tetapi proses seumur hidup. Kata “Metanoia” berasal dari dua kata, “meta” yang berarti “perubahan” dan “nous” yang berarti “pikiran”; Jadi, “metanoia” berarti mengubah pikiran, mengubah cara kita melihat kehidupan dan cara kita hidup. Pikiran kita bukan lagi tertuju pada hal-hal duniawi, tetapi terpaku pada Tuhan. Transformasi bukan hanya dari kehidupan yang berdosa menjadi kehidupan yang baik, tetapi kehidupan yang bahkan lebih dekat dengan Tuhan. Ini menyiratkan perubahan prioritas. Apakah kita menjadikan Tuhan sebagai prioritas kita? Ini membutuhkan kekudusan. Apakah kita melakukan hal-hal yang menyenangkan Allah? Ini mengandaikan kasih Allah. Apakah kita mencintai Tuhan lebih dari hal-hal lain, atau kita lebih mencintai hal-hal lain daripada Dia?

Yohanes Pembaptis doakanlah kami!

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Zacchaeus the Tax Collector

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31st Sunday in Ordinary Time [C] – November 3, 2019 – Luke 19:1-10

zacchaeus 1In the time of Jesus, there are at least two kinds of taxes. The first tax goes to the Temple of Jerusalem. This is a “sacred tax”. Those who collect them are performing a sacred duty, and those who pay are fulfilling their due to God. Yet, the second tax is exacted by the Roman government. In order to effectively get the taxes, the Romans employs the local collaborators. The Jews are heavily burdened by this tax because they are unjustly hefty, and often collected by coercion. The Jews understandably loathe those Jewish tax collectors who willingly betray their own people and are involved in greedy malpractices. These are the worst sinners, unclean, corrupt and traitors.

Certainly, Joseph, Mary and Jesus as a poor family, are having a difficult time to pay taxes themselves, and perhaps, fall victims to greedy tax collectors. However, despite this bitter reality, Jesus has a different attitude towards tax collectors. He is known to be the friends of tax collectors and sinners [Mat 11:19]. He shares his table with tax collectors [Luk 5:30]. He presents the tax collector as the protagonist in his parable, while the Pharisee as the bad guy [Luk 18:9ff]. One of His disciples, Matthew, is used to be a tax collector before he leaves everything and follows Jesus.

Today, we listen to the story of Zacchaeus, not ordinary tax collector, but the chief. Despite his high position and richness, he is a small stature. Thus, people look down on him both in a physical and religious sense. Yet, Jesus does something remarkable: He takes the initiative to look upon Zacchaeus who climbs the sycamore tree, calls him by name, and gets Himself invited to Zacchaeus’ house. This is unthinkable: the God-man calls and enters the house of the number-one public enemy in town. We notice that Jesus does not perform any earth-shattering miracles, but Jesus’ simple and loving gesture touches deeply Zacchaeus’ heart. Right there and then, he repents and ready to repair the damages he causes. Jesus declares, “Today salvation has come to this house (Lk. 19:2).”

What Jesus does deeply disturb the minds of orthodox Jews who prefer to distance themselves from the sinners, to avoid the contamination. Thus, they jeer at Jesus. Yet, Jesus takes the opposite direction: to enter the house and share a table even with the worst kind of sinners, chief tax collector, for one reason: “For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save what was lost.” (Lk. 19:10).

The Gospel offers us two attitudes towards our brothers and sisters who are struggling in their lives. We can choose whether like the crowd, to distance ourselves, and let them rot in hell, and even discourage any effort to embrace them, or like Jesus to takes the initiative to help them, even with simple gestures. It is true that when we open ourselves, there is no guarantee that our effort will be successful, and sometimes, we will get betrayed and hurt. Mother Teresa of Calcutta took care hundreds of homeless, but some of them turned against her and threw nasty gossips, and yet Mother Teresa continued to serve till the end of her life. Jesus has made His choice, so also many of His followers, now the choice is ours to make.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Zakheus, sang Pemungut Cukai

On By bayuopIn Bahasa, Ordinary TimeLeave a comment

Minggu Biasa ke-31 [C] – 3 November 2019 – Lukas 19:1-10

zacchaeus 2Pada zaman Yesus, setidaknya ada dua jenis pajak atau cukai. Pajak pertama adalah untuk Bait Allah di Yerusalem. Ini adalah “pajak suci”. Mereka yang memungutnya melakukan tugas mulia, dan mereka yang membayar memenuhi kewajibannya kepada Allah. Namun, pajak kedua dibebankan oleh pemerintah Romawi. Untuk mendapatkan pajak secara efektif, orang-orang Romawi mempekerjakan kolaborator lokal. Orang-orang Yahudi sangat terbebani oleh pajak ini karena sangat berat, tidak adil, dan dengan paksaan. Orang-orang Yahudi pada umumnya tentu saja membenci para pemungut pajak Yahudi yang dengan sukarela mengkhianati rakyatnya sendiri dan terlibat dalam praktik korupsi yang tamak. Ini adalah pendosa terburuk, karena najis, korup dan pengkhianat.

Tentu saja, Yusuf, Maria dan Yesus sebagai keluarga miskin, mengalami kesulitan untuk membayar pajak sendiri, dan mungkin, menjadi korban pemungut pajak yang rakus ini. Namun, terlepas dari kenyataan pahit ini, Yesus memiliki sikap yang berbeda terhadap pemungut pajak. Ia dikenal sebagai sahabat para pemungut cukai dan pendosa [Mat 11:19]. Dia berbagi mejanya dengan pemungut cukai [Luk 5:30]. Ia menghadirkan pemungut pajak sebagai protagonis dalam perumpamaannya [Luk 18: 9 dst]. Salah satu murid-Nya, Matius, pernah juga menjadi pemungut pajak sebelum dia meninggalkan segalanya dan mengikuti Yesus.

Hari ini, kita mendengarkan kisah Zakheus, bukan pemungut pajak biasa, tetapi kepala kantor pajak di kota besar Yeriko. Meskipun posisinya tinggi dan kaya, ia memiliki perawakan kecil. Jadi, orang memandang rendah dia baik secara fisik maupun agama. Namun, Yesus melakukan sesuatu yang luar biasa: Dia berinisiatif untuk memandang Zakheus yang memanjat pohon ara, memanggilnya dengan nama, dan mengundang diri-Nya ke rumah Zakheus. Ini tidak terpikirkan: Yesus memanggil dan memasuki rumah musuh publik nomor satu di kota. Kita memperhatikan bahwa Yesus tidak melakukan mukjizat yang menghancurkan bumi, tetapi gerakan sederhana dan penuh kasih dari Yesus menyentuh hati Zakheus. Di sana dan kemudian, dia bertobat dan siap untuk memperbaiki kerusakan yang disebabkannya. Yesus menyatakan, “Hari ini keselamatan telah datang ke rumah ini (Luk 19: 2).”

Apa yang Yesus lakukan sangat mengganggu pikiran orang Yahudi ortodoks yang lebih suka menjauhkan diri dari orang berdosa, untuk menghindari kenajisan. Karena itu, mereka bersungut-sungut. Namun, Yesus mengambil arah yang berlawanan: untuk memasuki rumah dan berbagi meja bahkan dengan orang yang paling berdosa sakali pun, kepala pemungut pajak, untuk satu alasan: “Karena Anak Manusia datang untuk mencari dan menyelamatkan yang hilang.” (Luk. 19:10).

Injil menawarkan kita dua sikap terhadap saudara dan saudari kita yang bergulat dalam kehidupan mereka. Kita dapat memilih seperti kerumunan, untuk menjauhkan diri dari mereka, dan membiarkan mereka hilang, dan bahkan mencegah segala upaya untuk merangkul mereka, atau seperti Yesus untuk mengambil inisiatif untuk membantu mereka, bahkan dengan tindakan-tindakan yang sederhana. Memang benar bahwa ketika kita membuka diri, tidak ada jaminan bahwa upaya kita akan berhasil, dan kadang-kadang, kita akan dikhianati dan terluka. Bunda Teresa dari Kalkuta merawat ratusan tunawisma, tetapi beberapa dari mereka berbalik menyerangnya dan melemparkan gosip bahwa ia hanya mencari ketenaran sendiri. Inilah pilihan Yesus, inilah pilihan yang perlu kita buat.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP