Tag: god

Adam and Us

On By bayuopIn English, Ordinary TimeLeave a comment

10th Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

June 9, 2024

Genesis 3:9-15

The story begins with a question from the Lord to Adam, “Where are you?” Yet, this is a strange question. Wasn’t God aware of where Adam was? But He is God, and He is supposed to know everything! Does it demonstrate ‘ignorance of God,’ or is there something deeper in the question?

Firstly, we must recognize that the language of the early chapters of Genesis is much different from the rest of the Bible. The Church recognizes that “the account of the fall in Genesis 3 uses figurative language but affirms a primeval event, a deed that took place at the beginning of the history of man (CCC 390).” Scholars agree that the sacred author used an ‘anthropomorphic language,’ that is, God is described to act and behave like a human person. Thus, God is painted as one who strolled around the garden and suddenly noticed the absence of Adam and Eve.

Moving beyond ‘anthropomorphic language,’ God’s question to Adam is not about geographical location. God certainly knew well where Adam was. Nothing can hide from Him. Yet, the question remains true because God was not asking for a geographical position but rather a personal relationship. “Where are you in relation to me? Are you with me or against me? Are you on my side or the serpent’s side?”

Adam answered, “I was afraid.”  The original relationship between God and men was based on love and true honor. Yet, after sin, fear dominates. Adam no longer saw God as a loving father but a vengeful judge. Thus, he ran away and hid himself because he was fully aware of the judgment that awaited him. He was naked before the Lord, and he realized without God, he was nothing.

God then asked, “Did you eat from the tree?” Surely, God knew Adam had trespassed His law, but He phrased the fact in a rhetorical question as God solicited Adam’s confession. Unfortunately, instead of confessing and asking for forgiveness, Adam blamed the woman. Yet, on closer look, Adam was not exactly blaming the woman, “The woman you gave me, she gave me the fruit.” Indirectly, Adam blamed God! Adam deserves nothing but a miserable death, but did He die there and then? No! God rather pointed out to Adam that his refusal of God’s love had led him to hardship and suffering.

What would have happened if Adam had owned his sin and asked God’s mercy? Perhaps Adam and his descendants would have lived in a better world. Yet, Adam was too arrogant to beg forgiveness, and he and his descendants must walk through the valley of tears till the arrival of Jesus Christ.

Surely, it is pointless to blame Adam for our conditions, but we can always learn from this primordial story. Sin is what separates us from God and distorts our loving relationship into a nightmare. Either we see ourselves as fearful slaves or rebellious renegades. Yet, often, like Adam, our father, we are too arrogant to confess and blame others, situations, or, finally, God. Yet, on the other side of the story, we learn who our God is. He was not a vengeful god who would instantly obliterate Adam, but rather a loving father who patiently educates his rebellious son. He was not a cruel lord who would punish but a merciful God who wanted his stray children to return to Him through the arrival of His Son.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Where is Heaven?

On By bayuopIn UncategorizedLeave a comment

The Ascension of Our Lord

May 9, 2024

Mk 16:15-20

The Church is celebrating the Ascension of our Lord, Jesus Christ. After around forty days since His resurrection, Jesus went up into heaven before the eyes of His disciples. Through Ascension, Jesus wanted to show His disciples that the heavens were real, and He was there. Yet, where is heaven? What is heaven?

In the Old Testament, the word heavens in Hebrew is ‘שָׁמַיִם (samayim), and this term primarily refers to the sky, atmosphere, or realm above the earth. Yet, the Bible points out that ‘שָׁמַיִם (samayim) is also the dwelling place of the Lord and His angels. God is often described as ‘going down from heavens’ (Gen 11:5, 19:24), or angels of God moved up to and down from heavens (Gen 28:12). Heavens are also generally restricted to God and His angels, while humans belong to the earth. After death, men were buried and ‘moving down’ to the realm of the dead, the Gehenna (with Elijah as an extremely rare exception, 2 Kg 2:11).

Now, with the advance of science, technology, and theology, we recognize that God does not literally stay in the sky, atmosphere, or outer space. So, where are the heaven? Is it in another universe? Is it in another dimension? Is it in a realm without time and space? With all honesty, we have very little knowledge about heaven’s whereabouts. Yet, this does not change the basic truth: Heaven is the dwelling place of God and His angels. Then, does Jesus’ ascension make any difference?

Jesus’ ascension now bridges the heaven and earth. He is the way to the Father (John 14:6), and as the Good Shepherd (John 10:14), He leads His flock to a green heavenly pasture. Jesus’ ascension creates a significant difference between the heavens of the Old Testament and those of the New Testament. When Isaiah had a vision of the heavens, he saw God and His angels singing ‘holy, holy, holy!’ (Isa 6:1-3). Then, a hundred years later, apostle John saw the same vision of God and His angels singing ‘holy, holy, holy!’ Yet, there is one big difference. In that heaven, John discovered Jesus, the lamb of God, surrounded by holy people!  Heaven is now filled with people. Jesus fulfilled His promise to go to heaven to prepare dwelling places for us (John 14:2-3).

Lastly, what does it feel like to live in the heavens? Again, as long as we are alive here on earth, we may not fully understand the reality of heaven. The Bible often speaks of heaven metaphorically, like a wedding feast (Isa 25:6; Rev 19:9), a new world, a new promised land, and Jerusalem (Isa 66:17-19; Eze 40; Rev 21).  It is where we find perfect happiness because we are in perfect unity with God and His saints (CCC 1024). However, we are not that far from experiencing heaven. Christ, who was able to go up to heaven, has the same power to go down again to the earth, albeit in a different manner. Unlike His first coming in a lowly place in Bethlehem, now He comes down with His heavenly glory in the Eucharist.

Every time we celebrate the holy mass and receive Jesus worthily in the Eucharist, we are experiencing heaven on earth.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

God’s Word Prunes Us

On By bayuopIn Easter, EnglishLeave a comment

5th Sunday of Easter [B]

April 28, 2024

John 15:1-8

Jesus is the vine, and we are His branches. He then declares that unfruitful branches will be cut, and healthy ones shall be ‘pruned.’ In fact, Jesus says, “You are already pruned because of the word that I spoke to you (John 15:3).” What does it mean? How does His word prune us? What is Jesus’ purpose?

If we have the opportunity to visit a vineyard, we will see how the vinedressers work. Among the things that they do is to cut the unhealthy and dead branches and prune the healthy ones. Pruning itself may include removing dead or unhealthy parts of the plant so that the vine may supply its nutrients to healthy branches. But also, the vinedressers would trim and slim down some overgrown branches since these branches typically don’t yield good grapes and suck up nutrients from their neighbour branches. All are done for one purpose: to produce a good quality grape.

Then, how does Jesus’ word prune us, the branches? Firstly, we recognize that we are creatures of language. The language we listen to and learn form who we are. Children who used to hear violent words tend to grow to be violent persons. Children who are fed with discouraging words tend to have low self-esteem. Yet, children who are never told words of proper corrections and discipline may become weak characters who always blame others. Children need to hear both encouraging and loving words as well as words of constructive corrections. Good words will make them grow confident, and proper discipline will make them avoid failures and dangers in the future.

It is the same with the Word of God. Listening to God’s word in the Bible, we discover many affirming words and heart-warming stories. Yet, the same Bible contains words, instructions, and stories that are strong and even demanding. The Gospel has lovely stories like those of Jesus, who blessed children and embraced sinners. Yet, the same Bible narrates Jesus, who said, “repent from our sins and believe in the Gospel.” Jesus, who opens the heavens for all of us, is also the same Jesus who teaches the reality of hell.   

Listening to the holy Scriptures every Sunday in the Eucharist, or even every day in our personal reading, allows God’s word to prune us. If we also do our parts to meditate on the words and internalize them, we are growing in holiness. In times of trials, God’s words strengthen us to hope. When in doubt, God’s words give clarity of faith. When we do wrong, God’s words correct us and invite us to repentance. When in fear, God’s words encourage us to love more and do good works. This is spiritual fruitfulness.

Another exciting thing also is that John used the word ‘καθαίρω’ (kathairo, I clean). This word can mean the act of pruning in the context of a vineyard, but the same word is used to describe Jesus’ act in healing the leper (see Mark 1:40-41). God’s words do not only prune our characters but also directly heal and purify our souls. The Church teaches us that we receive indulgences when we read the Bible for at least 30 minutes in a prayerful way. Have you read God’s words today?

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Being Truly Human

On By bayuopIn UncategorizedLeave a comment

Palm Sunday of the Lord’s Passion [B]

March 24, 2024

Mark 14:1 – 15:47

Jesus’ defining moment just before His Passion is His agony in the garden of Gethsemane. This year, we are fortunate to hear from the Gospel of Mark because Mark is not shy to express the inner life of Jesus in this crucial time. For some, this is embarrassing because Jesus was expressing His great sorrow, and thus, Jesus is seen to be too human and weak. However, we believe that God inspired Mark to write God’s words, and thus, we are to learn something precious in Jesus’ desperate moment.

Jesus was aware of what would happen to Him. He would soon face the betrayal of his disciple, a clandestine arrest, unjust trials from His haters, dreadful torture, and humiliating and most painful death. Thus, Jesus who is not only fully divine but also fully human, was experiencing the full weight of human emotions. Mark gave us some important details. Jesus was ‘troubled and distressed’ and then expressed what He felt, “My soul is sorrowful even to the death.”

St. Irenaeus once said, ‘God’s glory is a man truly alive. Here, Jesus teaches us how to be truly human and, thus, become God’s glory. He avoided two dangerous extremes in dealing with His emotions. The first extreme is neglecting or suppressing His emotions. Jesus did not act tough and pretend to be ‘the stoic man’. He did not say, ‘I am okay’, ‘everything will be alright.’ Jesus named the emotions and was frank about it. The second extreme is not to be consumed by emotions. When the emotion is extremely strong, the emotions easily engulf us and, thus, control us. Though recognizing His feelings, Jesus did not yield to them. He stood His ground.

Jesus further gave us two ways to face these overwhelming emotions. The first one is to seek good companions. Jesus invited the three closest disciples in the garden, Peter, James and John. He expressed His grave sorrow and asked them to accompany Him in this crucial moment. Unfortunately, they fell asleep, but the three were there for Jesus in His agony. The second way is to pray. Jesus bent His knees and talked to His Father. Here, we have extremely rare content of Jesus’ prayer.

Jesus said, “Abba, Father, all things are possible to you. Take this cup away from me, but not what I will but what you will (Mk 14:36).” This prayer is short but extraordinarily rich. One can say that this prayer is a short form of Our Father. Here, Jesus expressed and offered His wish that He would have been spared from suffering and violent death, but He also recognized that it is His Father’s will that Jesus would offer Himself up as the sacrifice of love for the world. In this prayer, Jesus reaffirmed His mission and did not allow the emotions to blur His vision.

Gethsemane is the precious moment that Jesus teaches us to fulfil God’s will despite difficulties and, at the same time, to become truly human. It is not God’s will to destroy our humanity but rather to perfect it, and Jesus is our model of a perfect man.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Covenant

On By bayuopIn English, LentLeave a comment

5th Sunday of Lent [B]

March 17, 2024

Jeremiah 31:31-34

 In the bible, the word covenant (in Hebrew בְּרִית (Berit), in Greek διαθήκη (diatheke)) is an agreement between individual, families, tribes or nations. It is commonly used to bind the overlord king and his vassals. The supreme lord was obligated to give protection in times of need, while the vassals must be loyal and pay tributes. At the individual level, a covenant forged a familial bond between the parties. They become brothers, and thus, they must protect and help one another. Or, when the covenant involves man and woman, they become husband and wife, a new family.

Though covenant is a complex reality and even still debated by scholars, one thing is sure: that covenant is an agreement about the ‘exchange of people’ rather than the ‘exchange of items.’ A radical change of their identities is expected for those who enter the covenant. 

The term covenant is a key to understanding the bible because God took the initiative to bind Himself to Israel through covenant. There are several moments where God formed a covenant with Israel, but the most famous one is the covenant at Mount Sinai through the mediation of Moses. The Lord said, “Now, therefore, if you will obey my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my own possession among all peoples; for all the earth is mine, and you shall be to me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation (Exo 19:5-6).”

The covenant created Israel as a nation under God’s leadership. Thus, Israelites, as citizens of God’s nation, must obey and be faithful to one God alone, that is, the Lord, and follow His Laws. However, the covenant does not only form a king-people relationship but also a family. Often, Israelites are addressed as ‘sons of God’ (see Exo 4:22 and Deu 14:1). And what is even more intriguing is that a marriage relationship is also established through this covenant. Prophet Hosea famously describes the relationship between God and Israelites as husband and wife.

Prophet Jeremiah prophesized that there would be a new covenant (Jer 31:31, first reading). This is fulfilled in Jesus Christ. In the last supper, Jesus said, “This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood (Luk 22:20).” One of the main purposes Jesus offered up himself at the cross is to forge and ratify this new covenant. Since the divine blood of Christ ratifies it, the covenant is everlasting and unbreakable.

Jesus offers us a covenant despite our unworthiness. Through faith and baptism, we enter the covenant, and our identity is radically transformed. The Lord is our God, and we become the people of the Kingdom of God. Yet, because of the same covenant, we are also His children, and we have a right to call God ‘our Father’. Moreover, a marriage is established. The Church is the spouse of Christ, and Christ loves His spouse so much to the point of giving His life for her. As the people of the new covenant, constantly renewed in the Eucharist, do we need to behave ourselves as obedient and loving children to our Father? Do we act as a faithful and loving spouse to Christ, our bridegroom?

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Ten Commandments

On By bayuopIn English, LentLeave a comment

3rd Sunday of Lent [B]
March 3, 2024
Exodus 20:1-17

On the third Sunday of Lent, the Church invites us to reflect on the Ten Commandments (our first reading). However, if we read the original Hebrew text, we may find something exciting.
God did not say that He handed down ‘the commandments,’ but instead, He gave ‘the words’ (הַדְּבָרִ֥ים – read: a-debarim). Why did God choose ‘words’ rather than ‘commandments’? After all, the content of what he said was really about laws.

The first answer may return to the creation account (Gen 1). God created the world and humanity with His ‘word,’ and now, in Mount Sinai, God formed Israel as His people with the laws given through His ‘word.’ This parallel points to us that the ‘laws’ passed in Sinai were not new, but God had placed them since the beginning. The ‘ten laws’ were not imposed from outside but an integral part of creation and human persons. God’s design is that by obeying the ‘commandments,’ the Israelites may return to Eden, where they may find their true happiness.

The second answer is that the choice of ‘words’ rather than ‘commandment’ shows the nature of the laws that God gave in Sinai. God did not treat Israelites (and also all of us) like slaves under the regime of terror. He did not force His rules upon us and punished us severely when we disobeyed Him. Yet, God treated us as adult children who can freely embrace these laws because we realize that these ‘laws’ are indeed beneficial for us.

The ‘laws’ are not externally imposed upon us but are following out from our being. Like gravity, it is not something externally added but an integral part of our universe, and so are the ‘ten words.’ We can use our natural reason to discover the laws. Our correct thinking will agree that killing, stealing, and adultery are wrong. Our right mind will support our efforts to honor our parents. And our logical thinking will lead us to one and true God. Since the ‘laws’ are integral to our nature, violating them means we bring harm to ourselves.

The third answer is that ‘words’ are a means of communication. The ten commandments are His words; thus, through them, we may communicate and understand Him better. And, as we get to know God better, we become closer to Him. The Ten Commandments are not a mighty wall to keep us away from God but a bridge connecting us to His immense love.

In this season of Lent, we are invited to reflect deeper into these ‘Ten Words .’We can reflect on each commandment: What is its purpose? What benefits do they bring us? What harm does it cause us when we violate it? What does it tell us about God, who created them?

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Desert

On By bayuopIn English, Lent, LentenLeave a comment

1st Sunday of Lent [B]

February 18, 2024

Mark 1:12-15

What do we imagine when we hear the word ‘desert’? The image in our mind may vary depending on our experience and knowledge of the desert. Yet, we agree that the desert is barren, plagued by an unfriendly climate, and not a suitable place for humans to live. Then, why does the Spirit lead Jesus to the desert? Why do we need to experience desert moments?

When we have an image of a desert, we can think of a fertile garden as its opposition. The Bible gives us these two images, a garden, and a desert, as two contrasting places. Adam and Eve originally lived in the perfect garden, with everything provided. They had the best food and safest place; most of all, God was with them. Yet, they fell, and they had to leave the garden. They began their journey in a ‘desert’ where they had to work hard to earn their livings, where many dangers lurked, and death was their final destination.

Then, why did Jesus follow the Spirit to the desert? The answer is that Jesus is in the desert for us to find Him. Even the desert may become a holy place because our Saviour is there and blesses this place. Yes, the desert is a dangerous place, and even the evil spirits are lurking to snatch us away from God, yet Jesus is also there. His presence makes even the ugliest place on earth a beautiful and holy ground.

The presence of God in the desert is not even something new. Interestingly, the word desert in Hebrew is מדבר (read: midbar) and can be literally translated as ‘the place of the word.’ Indeed, the desert is where the Israelites endured many hardships and were tested, yet it is also where God manifested Himself and made a covenant with Israel through Moses. In fact, through the desert experience, God disciplined and formed His people.

Our natural inclination is to avoid a desert, whether a natural geographical place or a symbol of our difficult moments in life. We don’t want to experience pain and sickness, we hate to endure financial and economic difficulties, and we detest difficult relationships in our family or community. We want to be blessed, to be in the Paradise. Yet, we must not fear to walk through our deserts because Jesus is there. Indeed, our hardships can exhaust us and become the devil’s opportunity to tempt us hard, yet with Jesus, these experiences can be a means of holiness.

In the season of Lent, the Church teaches us to fast, to pray more frequently, and to increase our acts of charity. These practices invite us into the desert to feel hunger, experience discomfort, and enjoy fewer things that give us pleasure. Yet, paradoxically, when we enter voluntarily and faithfully this difficult desert of Lent, we may find Christ even there, and we are renewed in holiness.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

For God’s Glory and Human Salvation

On By bayuopIn English, Ordinary TimeLeave a comment

Sixth Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

February 11, 2024

Mark 1:40-45

1 Cor 10:30 – 11:1

Towards the end of his letter to the Corinthians, St. Paul reminded us of two basic purposes of every disciple of Christ. The first one is, “…whatever you do, do all to the glory of God (1 Cor 10:31).” The second one is, “…in everything I do, not seeking my own advantage, but that of many, that they may be saved (1 Cor 10:33).” If we summarize these two verses, St. Paul said that in everything we do, we do for the glory of God and the salvation of others.

However, is it possible to do everything for God’s glory and others’ salvation? Many of us are busy working and occupied with many other things, and often, we just barely remember the presence of God, let alone praise and thank Him. Some of us even are struggling to attend Sunday Masses. Does it mean that we are failing in this regard?

We must remember that St. Paul did not instruct us to ‘say glory to Go’ but rather ‘do everything for God’s glory.’ It is not only about singing praise or uttering from our months “glory to God, glory to God” the whole day. But, fundamentally, it is to choose to do things pleasing to God, even the ordinary and routinary things. In our works, we give glory to God when we do honest jobs. Even as we watch something on the television or our gadgets, we can do it for God’s glory when we avoid seeing things that lead us to sins and choose to engage in what is truly beneficial. Certainly, we cannot give glory to God if we are idle or wasting our time on useless things.

The second purpose is to do everything so that others may find salvation. It is a wrong attitude if we are only focused on our salvation. Our faith is not selfish and individualistic but community-oriented and loving faith. Our salvation depends on the salvation of our neighbors, also. That is a Catholic faith, a faith for universal salvation. A man’s fundamental mission is to bring his wife closer to God. Parents’ salvation hinges on the growth of their children’s holiness.

But are we responsible for the salvation of all? Yes, we are called to preach the Gospel to all, but we are mainly responsible for those close to us, like family or community members. Yet, St. Paul also made a clear message, “Give no offense to Jews or to Greeks or to the church of God (1 Cor 10:32).” Though we are not actively responsible for the salvation of all, we are expected not to cause harms or scandals that may push people away from God. We are always witnesses and disciples of Christ in the world.

Lastly, these two basic missions instructed by St. Paul are the concretization of the most fundamental laws taught by Jesus: to love God and to love our neighbors (see Mat 22:37-38). In everything we do, we do it for the glory of God and the salvation of souls.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The unclean spirits

On By bayuopIn English, Ordinary TimeLeave a comment

Fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

January 28, 2024

Mark 1:21-28

One of the highlights of Jesus’ ministry is the exorcism of the unclean spirits. Mark, the evangelist even, does not hesitate to write that expelling the unclean spirits is part of Jesus’ teaching with authority. Jesus’ authority does not only affect His human hearers but also controls the unclean spirits. Yet, who are these unclean spirits? Why does Jesus have authority over them? And how do they affect our lives?

Based on the revelation and the tradition, the Church teaches that these spirits are also God’s creation. By nature, they are spirits or angels. As a spirit, they are creatures without a body, and since they are not affected by material limitations, they are naturally superior to us humans. However, unlike the good angels that use their power to help humans, these spirits do the opposite. They wish to harm men and women. That’s why they are called the evil spirits.

If God is good, why did God create evil beings? In the beginning, God created them as good spirits. Yet, as creatures with freedom, they made a definitive choice to go against their Creator. Their rebellion against God made them fall from grace, and thus, they were called ‘the fallen angels.’ (see CCC 391-395)

Then, why do the unclean spirits obey Jesus? The answer is straightforward. Jesus is their Creator. Jesus’ authority is reflected in the Greek word chosen when Jesus drives away the demons, ‘φιμοω’ (read: phimoo). Ordinarily, this word is translated as ‘be quiet,’ but literally, it means ‘to put a muzzle.’ It is like a farmer who places a muzzle on the mouth of his rowdy ox and thus puts it under submission. The idea is that Jesus is extremely powerful to the point that He could easily put evil spirits that are beyond human comprehension under His control.

One interesting fact also is that Mark does not call these fallen angels ‘evil spirits’ but rather ‘unclean spirits’ (πνευμα ἀκάθαρτον – pneuma akatarton). In the Jewish context, to be unclean means to be ritually unfit for God. Something or someone impure cannot enter the Temple of God and, thus, cannot offer worship and become far from God. These spirits are unclean precisely because they are not fit for God and, thus, far from Him.

We can also see the uncleanliness as an effect of the evil spirits. One who is under the dominion of the evil spirits becomes unclean and, thus, is far from God. One who lives in sin and, thus, distant from God is under the influence of evil spirits to a certain extent. From here, we can understand that Jesus’ mission to drive out the unclean spirits is an integral part of His mission to make people holy and to unite people with God.

The discussion on the evil spirits is certainly vast and intriguing, but it suffices to say that Jesus is infinitely superior to the evil spirits. Therefore, to live with and in Jesus is the only way to drive away the unclean ones. It is also true that as we go closer to Jesus, the evil spirits will double their efforts, and in this situation, all the more we must cling to Jesus.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

What is Gospel?

On By bayuopIn English, Ordinary TimeLeave a comment

Third Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

January 21, 2023

Mark 1:14-20

Jesus began His ministry by preaching, “The time has been fulfilled, the kingdom is at hand; repent and believe in the Gospel!” Yet, the question is, ‘What is the Gospel we need to believe in?’ Indeed, it is not the four written Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) since these were written years after Jesus’ death and resurrection. So, what is the Gospel here?

The most basic understanding of the Gospel is ‘the good news.’ It comes from the Greek word ‘ευαγγελιον’ (read: Evangelion). This word itself is composed of two elements: ‘ευ’ meaning ‘happy’ or ‘good,’ then ‘αγγελιον’ meaning ‘news.’ In the time of Jesus, the word ‘ευαγγελιον’ is not just any good news like “I passed the exam” or “I received a bonus.” The word is an imperial technical term to point to the emperor’s major victory or to the emperor’s birthday celebration. Every time ‘ευαγγελιον’ was announced, there would be great joy among the people because the enemy had been defeated, and now the residents of the empire may live in peace.

Jesus used the same imperial vocabulary but adjusted its content to His purpose. It was no longer about the good news about the Roman empire but about the Kingdom of God. It was no longer about the emperor’s glory but now about Jesus. Those living at that time may respond differently to Jesus’ Gospel. One could consider Jesus insane, delusional, or a liar, and thus, His Gospel was nothing but a laughable lie. Others might see Jesus as subversive; thus, His Gospel was a call to rebellion against the Roman empire. We recall also that this subversive understanding of the Gospel was later used to accuse Jesus before Pilate. Jesus was ‘the king of the Jews’ against the Roman emperor.

However, Jesus proved these assumptions were simply incorrect. Jesus did not preach empty words; He taught with authority and performed mighty miracles. Even the demons were obedient to His words. He was not also a revolutionary political fighter because His Kingdom is not of this world (see John 18:36), and how He refused to be made king by his supporters (see John 6:15). Jesus’ Kingdom is the Kingdom of God of holiness. The only way to enter is repentance (metanoia). The word metanoia presupposes a change of ‘mind’ or ‘lifestyle’ from a life of sins and far from God into a life according to God’s law and, thus, life with God.

Thus, from this perspective, we can say that ‘believe in the Gospel’ means that we believe in the Kingdom of God and Jesus, the king of the Kingdom, who saves us from sins and brings us back to God. And the way to believe is none other than repentance. To say, “I believe in Jesus,” yet we keep stealing other people’s money, is just nonsense. To say, “I trust in God,” but we keep breaking His laws and commandments, is useless. ‘

Another interesting fact! The actual Greek Mark used for ‘believe’ is ‘πιστεύετε’ (pisteuete), and grammatically, it is imperative mode in the present tense. In ancient Greece, this imperative presence means a command to do something, not one time but continuously. Thus, Mark wants to emphasize that belief is a continuous process rather than a one-time action. Belief in Jesus is something that is growing and dynamic rather than static.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP