Tag: History

The Third Coming

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First Sunday of Advent [B]

December 3, 2023

Mark 13:33-37

We are entering the Advent season, and the new liturgical year of the Church has begun. Advent itself is from the Latin word ‘Adventus,’ and it literally means ‘the coming.’ In light of the Scriptures and Tradition, the Church teaches two arrivals of Christ. His first coming was in Bethlehem around two millennia ago, and the second coming of Jesus will be at the final judgment as the king of kings and the judge of all. This liturgical season reminds and prepares us for both comings of Jesus. However, there is another coming of Christ, also called the third coming of Christ. What does it mean? And, how does the third coming of Christ connect the other two comings?

Before we answer this question, we shall reflect more deeply on the relationship between the first and second coming of Christ because how Jesus came for the first time should give us precious lessons in preparing ourselves for His second coming. How did Jesus come for the first time? He was born of Mary, a humble virgin married to Joseph, a poor carpenter, and neither to the powerful family of Herod nor to the ruling dynasty of Caesar. He was born in the most unworthy place, a dirty cave in Bethlehem, and not in a royal palace or a first-class hospital. He was born as the weakest human being, a baby, and not coming down from the skies like a superhero. The first coming teaches us a precious lesson that Jesus is present in the humblest places, among the simple people, and at the most unexpected moments. As Jesus arrived in Bethlehem most unexpectedly, so also, He will come for the final moment in His second coming.

As many people failed to recognize the first arrival of the Messiah, we might also fail to be ready for this last judgment. Then, how shall we do to anticipate His coming down from the heavens? This truth leads us to “the third coming of Christ.” What is it? The third coming refers to Jesus’ coming and presence among us in our daily lives, albeit in the most unexpected ways. In the Advent season, we prepare ourselves for the second coming of Christ by reflecting on His first coming and, thus, recognizing and welcoming ‘His third coming’ in our lives. The more we can discover Christ in His third coming, the more we are prepared for His final appearance.

Then, what are the manifestations of the third coming of Christ? The first and foremost is the holy Eucharist. Here, Jesus is truly and really present, yet we need great faith to perceive Him, who appears in the forms of bread and wine. He is also present in the words of the Holy Scriptures. The Church firmly believes that the Bible is the Word of God in the written form. By reading and meditating, we encounter Jesus, who speaks to us. St. Paul also teaches us that the Church is the body of Christ. Thus, encountering Christ cannot be done without encountering His body, the Church. However, it is also true that often, it is the most difficult to see Christ in the Church because some members of the Church are far from Christ-like. Yet, this has become an excellent opportunity to perform acts of charity and be Christ-like. Lastly, we encounter Christ in our unfortunate brothers and sisters, as Jesus said, “Amen, I say to you, whatever you did for one of these least brothers of mine, you did for me (Mat 25:40).”

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

God’s House

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33rd Sunday in Ordinary Time – November 17, 2019 – Luke 21:5-9

Cathedral of Notre-Dame of Paris fire aftermath, France - 16 Apr 2019During the reign of Herod the Great, the Temple of Jerusalem was refurbished, adorned by gold and other precious metals, and expanded, and thus making it the crown jewel of the Jewish nation. However, the Temple was not merely a magnificent building, but primarily the center of Jewish religious worship and religion. Every morning and evening, sacrifices were offered, and every year, Jewish men from all over the world made their pilgrimage, and paid their homage the Lord God. It was the place where God chose to stay, the place where the Israelites meet their God, and the house of God.

Looking at the majestic view of the Temple and its religious significance, many would believe that the Temple would last forever because God Himself would defend His house. Yet, Jesus prophesied against the sentiment of the Israelites and told His disciples that this beautiful Temple would be destroyed. Surely, Jesus’ words offended the religious sensitivity of His time and one of the accusations against Him was precisely because Jesus spoke against the Temple, against God Himself. Yet, 40 years later, in 70 AD, the Romans under General Titus, burned the Temple and razed the city to the ground.

Jesus’ prophesy opens us to the profound truth that even God allows His house on earth to be destroyed. Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (now Istanbul) was the grandest church in the 4th and 5th centuries and considered to be an architectural and engineering marvel. Yet, when Constantinople fell to the Turks, the church stopped functioning as a Christian worship place. In our time, the Cathedral of Notre Dame was an iconic Gothic building at the heart of Paris. Yet, on April 15, 2019, the fire destroyed many parts of this holy building. Just this month, some churches in Chile became the target of violent demonstrators. They forcefully entered the churches, took out the pews and other religious images, and burnt them outside the churches, not to mention, the desecration of the tabernacles. The houses of God have been the object of vandalism, violent anger, and untold destruction, and God allows those to take place in our midst. But why? Is God weak enough to stop these from happening? Does God not care? Has God forsaken us?

The Churches as the house of God symbolize the inner sanctuary of our faith. An attack on the Church means an attack on our cherished faith. If God allows His house to be humiliated, so God also allows our faith to be challenged, shocked, and shaken. God allows trials to batter our lives, doubts to question our faith, and darkness to envelop our vision. But why?

When the fire that burned the Church of Notre Dame was extinguished, many things have been lost, but at the center of the Church, one image survived the blazing fire: the huge cross stood still. God allows His houses destroyed, and our faith was shaken to show us what truly matters in life and our journey of faith. It is God and God alone. It is not so much the monuments we build for Him nor the works and mission for Him, even our talents, charism and fruits of prayers. These are surely important, but these easily vanish. Only one remains God alone. God allows us to be shaken so we may find Him again, surprisingly more alive and ever closer.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Rosary and Us

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October 7, 2016 – Mary, Queen of the Holy Rosary

rosary-1October is the month of the rosary. Allow me to reflect on this ancient yet ever new form of prayer. Why October? It all started when Pope Pius V, a Dominican, dedicated October 7 as the feast of Mary Our Lady of the Rosary after the battle of Lepanto. In this naval battle of October 7, 1571, the smaller Christian army fought the much larger and powerful Ottoman Turks’ forces that planned to invade Europe at the Gulf of Lepanto in Greece. While the battle was being waged, the Holy Pontiff and all Christians prayed the rosary asking the intercession of Our Lady. After hours of confrontation, the enemy’s fleet was roundly defeated.

However, the devotion to the rosary itself began even much earlier. In fact, the prayer was a product of a long evolution. The devotion actually began as a lay spiritual movement. In the early middle ages, the monks and nuns in the monasteries recited 150 Psalms of the Old Testament as part of their daily prayer. The practice was ideal to sanctify the entire day as the recitation of the Psalms was distributed during the important hours of the day (thus, Liturgy of the Hours). Yet, this was not for the lay people. They had no copy of the Bible, least the ability to read it. Thus, the lay people who desired to make their day holy, started to recite 150 ‘Our Father’. To keep track of the prayer, they also made use of a long cord with knots on it. After some time, they prayed 50 Our Father at three different times of the day.

In the 12th century, the Angelic salutation formula “Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you. Blessed you among women and blessed is the fruit of your womb” became part of this 150 ‘Our Father’ prayer. Shortly after this, the meditation on mysteries of the life of Jesus and Mary began to be incorporated into this devotion. Gradually, it evolved into 150 ‘Hail Mary’. St. Dominic de Guzman and his Order of Preachers received special mandate from the Virgin herself to promote this ‘Psalter of Mary’. In the 15th century, that devotion acquired the name Rosarium (rose garden). In 1569, the same Pope Pius V issued the papal decree ‘Consueverunt Romani Pontifices’ that regulated and standardized the praying of the Rosary, taking into account its long history and its Dominican tradition. He also affirmed the efficaciousness of the rosary as one of the many means to obtain graces and indulgence. The praying of the rosary continues to evolve even to this day. The latest major innovation was from Saint John Paul II who added five mysteries of Light.

October then turns to be a fitting time to intensify our praying of the rosary and to remember the role of Mary and her rosary in the life of the Church and our lives. I guess more importantly we remember that rosary was born from the desire of lay people to be holy. The rosary came from the simple hands of ordinary people who recited the Our Father and Hail Mary and meditated on the mysteries of salvation. We pray the rosary because it is a devotion that comes from the hearts of the laity. When we pray the rosary, we pray together with Mary who is a lay woman. When we pray the rosary, because we, just like countless people, desire to be closer to God in a simplest and humblest way.

Br. Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Rosario dan Kita

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7 Oktober 2016, Maria Ratu Rosari

rosary-2Oktober adalah bulan rosario. Izinkan saya untuk menulis tentang  doa yang sebenarnya kuno tetapi selalu baru. Mengapa Oktober adalah bulan rosario? Semuanya berawal ketika Paus Pius V, seorang Dominikan, mendedikasikan 7 Oktober sebagai pesta Maria Ratu Rosario setelah pertempuran Lepanto. Pada 7 Oktober, 1571, di Teluk Lepanto di Yunani, tentara Eropa berjuang melawan armada laut Ottoman Turki yang jauh lebih besar dan kuat, yang merencanakan untuk menyerang Eropa. Sementara pertempuran sedang berlangsung, sang Paus dan semua umat berdoa rosario meminta perantaraan Bunda Maria. Setelah berjam-jam konfrontasi, armada musuh pun dikalahkan.

Namun, devosi kepada Rosario sendiri bermula jauh lebih awal dari Paus Pius V. Doa ini adalah produk dari evolusi yang panjang. Devosi ini sebenarnya dimulai sebagai sebuah gerakan spiritual awam. Pada abad pertengahan awal, para rahib di pertapaan mendaraskan 150 Mazmur sebagai bagian dari doa harian mereka. Praktek ini sangat ideal untuk menguduskan seluruh hari mereka sebagai pembacaan Mazmur didistribusikan pada jam-jam penting pada hari itu. Namun, ini tidak berlaku bagi orang awam. Mereka tidak memiliki salinan Alkitab, apalagi kemampuan untuk membacanya. Dengan demikian, orang-orang awam yang mendambakan untuk menguduskan hidup harian mereka, mulai mendaraskan 150 ‘Bapa Kami’. Agar tidak hilang dalam meditasi, mereka juga menggunakan tali panjang dengan simpul sebanyak jumlah doa ‘Bapa Kami’. Setelah beberapa waktu, mereka berdoa 50 Bapa Kami tiga kali sehari.

Pada abad ke-12, Formula “Salam Maria, penuh rahmat, Tuhan sertamu. Terpujilah engkau di antara wanita dan terpujilah buah tubuhmu” menjadi bagian dari doa 150 ‘Bapa Kami’ ini. Tak lama setelah ini, meditasi pada ‘misteri’ kehidupan Yesus dan Maria mulai menjadi bagian dari devosi ini. Secara bertahap, doa ini berkembang menjadi 150 ‘Salam Maria.’ St. Dominikus de Guzman dan Ordo Pengkhotbahnya menerima mandat khusus dari Bunda Maria untuk mempromosikan  ‘Mazmur Maria’ ini. Pada abad ke-15, devosi kepada Yesus dan Maria ini memperoleh nama Rosarium (taman mawar). Pada tahun 1569, Paus Pius V mengeluarkan dekrit ‘Consueverunt Romani Pontifices’ yang mengatur bagaimana berdoa Rosario, dengan mempertimbangkan sejarahnya panjang dan tradisi Dominikan yang ia miliki. Dia juga menegaskan bahwa rosario sebagai salah satu dari banyak cara untuk mendapatkan rahmat dan indulgensia. Doa rosario terus berkembang bahkan sampai hari ini. Inovasi terbaru adalah dari Santo Yohanes Paulus II yang menambahkan lima Misteri of Cahaya.

Bulan Oktober menjadi waktu yang tepat bagi kita untuk mengintensifkan devosi rosario dan merenungkan peran Maria dan rosarionya dalam kehidupan Gereja dan kehidupan kita. Saya kira yang lebih penting adalah kita diingatkan bahwa rosario sebenarnya lahir dari hasrat para awam untuk menjadi kudus. Rosario berasal dari tangan-tangan sederhana para awam yang mendaraskan Bapa Kami dan Salam Maria, dan juga merenungkan misteri keselamatan di dalamnya. Kita berdoa rosario karena kita ingin untuk lebih dekat dengan Allah dengan cara yang paling sederhana. Kita berdoa rosario karena doa ini merupakan devosi yang berasal dari hati kaum awam. Ketika kita berdoa rosario, kita berdoa bersama-sama dengan Maria yang adalah seorang wanita awam. Rosario adalah hidup kaum awam, dan hati kaum awam adalah Rosario.

 Frater Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP