Tag: magi

The Magi and Herod

On By bayuopIn Christmas, EnglishLeave a comment

Epiphany [A]

January 4, 2026

Matthew 2:1-12

The story of the Magi is a powerful one because they do not come from the Jewish people, and yet they sincerely seek the newborn King of Israel. The identity of the Magi remains a mystery. The Greek word magos—from which the English word magic is derived—refers to a person learned in the ancient sciences. These ancient sciences were very different from modern ones: experiment and myth, natural observation and ritual, were often intertwined. This was a period when astronomy was closely linked with astrology, and chemistry with alchemy.

Although not stated explicitly in Scripture, many traditions identify the Magi as the three kings from the East. Tertullian (d. AD 225), interpreting the Epiphany account in light of Psalm 72 and Isaiah 60, refers to the Magi as kings. While the Magi were not necessarily kings, they were likely men of high status, since Herod, the king of Jerusalem, received them and treated them with respect. The number three is commonly derived from the three gifts offered to Christ: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. The earliest clear evidence for three Magi appears in a sixth-century mosaic in the Church of Sant’Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy. The names Melchior, Gaspar, and Balthasar emerge in Latin tradition around the same period.

The story of the Magi becomes even more striking when they are contrasted with their Jewish counterparts: Herod, the king of Jerusalem, and the Jewish scholars. When Herod heard the news, he immediately consulted the learned men of his court. After carefully examining the Scriptures, they confirmed the Magi’s discovery and identified Bethlehem as the birthplace of the newborn king. Yet, unlike the Magi—who used their wisdom and knowledge to honor the child—Herod and his learned advisors used their understanding of Scripture to plot the destruction of the promised Messiah.

The contrast between the Magi and Herod becomes a paradigm for what would later happen to Jesus. At the beginning of His life, Jesus was honored by Gentile Magi but sought for destruction by Herod and his advisors. Likewise, at the end of His earthly life, Jesus was condemned by the chief priests and religious leaders, accused of being a false Messiah, while He was recognized by a Roman centurion as the Son of God.

Finally, after the Magi found Jesus and paid Him homage, they returned home by a different way. This detail carries profound symbolism: encountering Jesus leads to true repentance and transformation. We may be busy studying Scripture, engaging in charitable works, or serving in Church ministries, but if we do not truly find Jesus in them, there is no genuine conversion. Without finding Jesus, we may end up finding only ourselves. The danger is that this leads either to frustration when we fail or to pride when we succeed. In either case, we do not find true happiness. Like Herod and his advisors, we may even misuse our knowledge of faith in ways that harm our spiritual life and weaken our faith in Christ.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Guide Questions:
Am I more like the Magi or like Herod and his advisors in the way I seek Jesus? How do I use the knowledge and gifts God has given me? Do my religious activities truly bring me into an encounter with Jesus? Or have Scripture, ministry, and service become ends in themselves? In what ways has encountering Christ changed my direction in life? What prevents me from recognizing Christ when He comes quietly and vulnerably?

Pilgrims of Hope

On By bayuopIn Christmas, EnglishLeave a comment

The Epiphany [C]
January 5, 2025
Matthew 2:1-12

Only Matthew recorded the story of the Magi from the East, devoting just 12 verses to it (around 1.12% of his Gospel). Yet, Christians throughout generations have found this story deeply fascinating and full of mysteries. Who were these Magi? Were there really three of them? Where exactly did they come from in the East? What was the “star” they saw? What is the meaning behind their gifts? While these questions remain the subject of debate and discussion, one thing draws us all to this story—we can all relate to the experience of the Magi. But what exactly is this shared experience?

We are captivated by the Magi’s journey because we, too, are journeying. Every day, we travel—from home to school or work, from one place to another. Every Sunday, we journey to church. Occasionally, we explore new places for vacation, discovery, or pilgrimage. At other times, we are compelled to go places we would rather avoid, like hospitals. At a deeper level, life itself is a journey. From the moment we leave our mother’s womb until we reach our final destination, we are constantly moving through time and space. Deep within, we ask ourselves, “Where are we going? Does my journey have a purpose?”

The story of the Magi offers us answers to these fundamental questions. When the Magi discovered the “star” of the newborn King, they knew they had to find Him. However, they could have misinterpreted the star’s meaning. Along the way, they faced potential dangers and unforeseen challenges. The risks were enormous. Yet, they did not give up easily. As true pilgrims, they pressed on with hope—hope to find the One they desired most.

Matthew gives us few details about their journey, leaving much to our imagination. Yet, we can sense their surprise when they failed to find the newborn King in Jerusalem. They likely expected the King to be the son of Herod, the reigning monarch. Despite this setback, they did not lose hope but continued their search. Their surprise grew even greater when they found the baby King in the humble home of Joseph and Mary. Yet again, despite unmet expectations, their hope pointed them to this little baby would become the King of Israel, and thus, they offered their homage and gifts. The Magi became the first non-Israelites to accept Jesus. Their journey reminds us of St. Paul’s words: “Hope does not disappoint” (Romans 5:5).

Like the Magi, we, too, are pilgrims in this world. At times, we feel unsure of our paths, surrounded by uncertainties. Sometimes, our journey seems meaningless, especially when we are tired or lost. Often, we are afraid to face challenges and dangers. Yet, deep inside, we know we must keep moving forward, hoping that our journey toward Jesus will bear fruit. For it is He whom our hearts desire most. Gabriel Marcel, a Catholic philosopher, beautifully expresses this in his book Homo Viator, “I almost think that hope is for the soul what breathing is for the living organism. Where hope is lacking, the soul dries up and withers…” We are pilgrims on earth—not of fear or despair, but of hope.

Rome

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Guide Questions

Are we aware that we are sojourners on this earth, not permanent residents? Do we recognize our true destination? What efforts do we make to stay on the right path? How do we respond to challenges and troubles in our journey? How can we keep our hope alive during this long journey?

The Magi and the Truth

On By bayuopIn Christmas, EnglishLeave a comment

The Epiphany of the Lord
January 7, 2024
Matthew 2:1-12 [B]

The Christmas season ends with the feast of Epiphany. This ancient feast is associated with the story of the Magi from the East who visited the child Jesus in Bethlehem. The story is a fitting conclusion to the Christmas season since the Magi represented the nations of the world who came and worshiped the newborn king. Jesus was born not only to be the Messiah of the Jews but also the Savior of the nations.

The identity of the Magi remains largely a mystery. The earliest depiction in the Basilica of the Nativity in Bethlehem presented them dressed in Persian clothes (presently Iran). But, some fathers of the Church believed that they were Chaldeans (now Iraq). Others still argued that they were coming from northern Syria because they were thought to be the descendants of Baalam (see Num 22). Finally, we are not really sure. The Bible describes them as ‘Magos’; in the Bible itself, ‘Magos’ has ambiguous meanings. The word Magos can be negatively associated with a sorcerer, one who practiced magic and even to earn money and fame (see Acts 13:6). Yet, the term can also be translated as a sage or wise man, one who dedicated himself in search of Truth.

The Church’s traditions tend to see the Magi as the wise men from the East. These were people who offered their lives in search of the Truth. Yet, living two millennia before us, they did not enjoy the fruits of scientific revolutions and methods. They had to rely on limited resources and information, often mixed with myths and superstitions. They did not have chemistry yet, but rather alchemy (protoscience that aims to transform one material into something else like gold or medicine). They did not yet understand astronomy principles but contended with astrology (a pseudo-science that reads the celestial bodies and how they relate to human fates). The majority of their literature probably dealt with magic rather than true science.

However, despite their limitations, God recognized their sincere effort and thus led them to the Truth himself through the star. After all, God placed in their hearts the profound thirst for Truth. They proved their commitment as they left their palaces’ comfort and embarked on a long, dangerous journey. We are also not sure what Baltazar, Melchior, and Gaspar (as the tradition calls them) truly experienced when they discovered Jesus, the Truth. We are confident that the Magi are the symbols of humanity in search of Truth for God Himself.

Like the Magi, God also created us as beings that possess a fundamental hunger for Truth. Unfortunately, this hunger for Truth does not find its fulfillment because of sins. The sin of laziness poisons our desire for Truth and chains us in our comfort zones. The sin of lust turns our desire for Truth into carnal desire. The sin of pride makes us believe that we already possess the Truth and we do not need God’s grace. Learning from the Magi, we recognize that sciences are also parts of God’s providence to lead us into ultimate Truth to Himself.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP