29th Sunday in Ordinary Time
October 18, 2020
Matthew 22:15-21
To understand today’s Gospel, we need to make time travel to the time of Jesus. The Jewish people in the first century AD Palestine were not free people, and they were subject to the Roman empire. Being subjects, they were required to submit heavy taxes. This money would eventually use to pay the army that maintained “the security” of Palestine. Naturally, paying taxes was one of the most irritating and politically charged issues. “Why should I pay for my own oppression?”
The issue of paying taxes is even more sensitive since the coin used for the transaction is bearing the image of Caesar. Not only having the graven face of Caesar, around the image, but there was also an inscription that said “Tiberivs Caesar Divi Avgvsti Filivs Avgvstvs (Caesar Augustus Tiberius, son of the Divine Augustus).” The coin was simply blasphemous for the Jews who recognized that there is no god, but the Lord God.
With this background, the Pharisees were plotting to trap Jesus with an extremely dilemmatic question: “should we pay tax to Caesar?” If Jesus nodded, He would be considered a traitor for many Jewish nationalists and an idol-worshipper to pious Israelites. But, if Jesus voted negatively, He would be immediately labeled as a rebel and face the wrath of the Romans. However, it was never wise to test Jesus, because it would never be successful. Again, Jesus did not only escape the dilemma wisely but also taught a profound lesson for everyone.
He took a Roman coin and showed that it has an image of Caesar. Then, He said, “render to Caesar what belongs to Caesar…” The basis of ownership is the presence of “image.” The coin belongs to Caesar because it has his image. Thus, paying tax is simply giving back to the coins that since the beginning belongs to Caesar and the Roman Empire. Yet, Jesus did not stop there. He taught also, “render to God what belongs to God.” And what belongs to God? The answer is those who possess the image of God. Going back to the Genesis 1:26, we discover that we were created in the image of God, and therefore, we belong to God.
Here, Jesus was not dodging the Pharisees’ bullet, but teaching a fundamental truth about who we are and where we are going. We were created in the image of God, not in the image of cellular phone, not of money, not of trophies. While they may offer instant pleasure, not of these things will ever grant us true happiness. Only God can truly fulfill our deepest longing. While these things are naturally good and can be beneficial, they are mere means to achieve our true end, God Himself. We might be preoccupied with pursuing wealth, popularity, or influence, but what is the point when we lose our final purpose?
St. Ignatius of Loyola in his Spiritual Exercises reminds us that, “Man is created to praise, reverence, and serve God our Lord, and by this means to save his soul. The other things on the face of the earth are created for man to help him in attaining the end for which he is created…Therefore, we must make ourselves indifferent [detached] to all created things… Our one desire and choice should be what is more conducive to the end for which we are created”
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Untuk memahami Injil hari ini, kita perlu melakukan perjalanan waktu ke zaman Tuhan Yesus. Orang-orang Yahudi pada abad pertama Masehi Palestina bukanlah orang-orang merdeka, dan mereka tunduk pada kekaisaran Romawi. Sebagai penduduk jajahan, mereka diharuskan membayar pajak yang cukup berat. Uang ini pada akhirnya akan digunakan untuk membayar tentara yang menjaga “keamanan” di Palestina. Tak ayal, membayar pajak adalah salah satu hal yang paling dibenci dan menimbulkan gejolak. “Mengapa saya harus membayar untuk penindasan saya sendiri?”

The two disciples went back home to Emmaus. One of them was Cleopas, and his companion probably was his wife. Perhaps they got afraid of the Roman and Jewish authorities who might go after them after they killed Jesus, the leader. Or maybe, they just got their hope and expectation shattered when Jesus, their expected Messiah, was crucified.
We begin the ordinary time of the liturgical year. In the Church, we have three cycles of the liturgical year: A, B, and C. every year, we have a different set of readings. In year A, the Gospel readings are mainly from the Gospel of Matthew, meanwhile, year B is from Mark and year C is from Luke. The Gospel of John does not have its separate year, but the readings from John are scattered through the years, especially in the Easter season.
Kita memulai masa biasa pada tahun liturgi ini. Di Gereja Katolik, kita memiliki tiga siklus tahun liturgi: A, B, dan C. Di setiap tahun, kita memiliki serangkaian bacaan yang berbeda. Pada tahun A, bacaan Injil terutama dari Injil Matius, sementara tahun B dari Markus dan tahun C dari Lukas. Injil Yohanes tidak memiliki tahun yang khusus, tetapi bacaan dari Yohanes tersebar di sepanjang tahun, terutama di masa Paskah.
The widows are one of the most disfranchised groups in ancient Israel. In those times, women, in general, were considered to be less human. Every time a Jewish man in first-century Palestine woke up, he would pray and thank the Lord for he was not born as a Gentile, a slave or a woman. Often, women were treated as the properties of the patriarchs. While adult men were working outside the house, women were expected to stay behind to take care of the children and the household. Since many women were supported by their husbands, being a widow means loss of both financial foothold and honor. They were lucky if they had mature sons who would take care of them, but those widows without sons were the most pitiful.
Para janda adalah salah satu kelompok yang paling terpinggirkan di Israel kuno. Pada masa itu, wanita pada umumnya dianggap sebagai manusia yang lebih rendah. Setiap kali seorang pria Yahudi di Palestina abad pertama bangun, dia akan berdoa dan bersyukur kepada Tuhan karena dia tidak dilahirkan sebagai orang bukan Yahudi, budak atau wanita. Seringkali, perempuan diperlakukan sebagai properti para kepala keluarga. Sementara para pria dewasa bekerja di luar rumah, para perempuan diharapkan tetap tinggal untuk menjaga anak-anak dan rumah. Karena banyak perempuan yang tergantung pada suami mereka, menjadi janda berarti kehilangan pijakan ekonomi dan kehormatan. Mereka beruntung jika mereka memiliki putra yang dewasa yang akan merawat mereka, dan ini membuat para janda tanpa putra adalah yang paling menyedihkan.