Tag: Lenten

Concupiscence

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2nd Sunday of Lent [A]
March 5, 2023
Matthew 17:1-9

Lenten Season is characterized with acts of penance as well as intensified spiritual exercises like fasting and almsgiving. One of the purposes of these activities is to strengthen our spiritual muscles against the weaknesses of the soul or ‘concupiscence’, that is a tendency to fall into sins due to our wounded nature. Yet, why do still have this weakness if we have been redeemed? St. Paul in his letter to Timothy emphatically says, “… the appearance of our savior Christ Jesus, who destroyed death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel (2 Tim 1:10).”

photocredit: corina rainer

I must admit that we are dealing with mystery of faith. Like other mysteries, the reality of redemption as well as the presence of concupiscence are a reality, but the reasons behind these realities remain largely hidden because these truths are greater than our minds’ capacity. However, it does not mean that we are clueless. Through her theologians and saints, the Church has reflected on the matter for two thousand years, and taught that the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle (CCC 405).

The presence of concupiscence opens up an opportunity for us to exercise the virtues and to grow in holiness through the practice of spiritual exercises. Thus, even though concupiscence remains after baptism, it is not an insurmountable obstacle to living a holy life, and in fact make our journey a lot more meaningful. With the help of God’s grace, we can resist their disordered desires and grow in holiness.

In today’s gospel, we hear that Jesus was transfigured in the mountain. For Peter, John and James, this was an ecstatic experience overflowing with joy. They did not want to lose this elating experience, and thus, Peter proposed to build tents so that they could stay longer up on the mountain. But, Jesus did not stay long in His divine state, but summoned his disciples to go down and follow Him. Where? After transfiguration, Jesus set His eyes to Jerusalem where His suffering and death awaited. Jesus understood well, ‘there is no resurrection without the cross.’ Concupiscence is one of our crosses here on earth, and it becomes a means to holiness.

One good friend of mine once asked me, “Why did God allow concupiscence to remain in our soul? It could have been better and easier for us if concupiscence had been removed during baptism.” The point was clearly taken. I can imagine that without concupiscence, I would not have to deal with many temptations. Life would be much easier, and the world would be a better place because people would no longer commit evil things out of selfish interests. However, our first parents still sinned even without concupiscence. The absence of concupiscence does not automatically prevent us from falling into sin. In fact, the moment we sin out of our total freedom and without the influence of concupiscence, we will fall extremely hard, just like Adam and Eve. Perhaps to prevent us from experiencing what our first parents had suffered, God allows concupiscence to remain.

Eventually, we still face the mystery, but we believe that even the presence of concupiscence is ultimately for our good.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Masa Prapaskah, Adam dan Yesus

On By bayuopIn Bahasa, LentenLeave a comment

Hari Minggu Pertama Masa Prapaskah [A]
26 Februari 2023
Matius 4:1-11

Sekarang kita berada di hari Minggu pertama masa Prapaskah. Bagi sebagian dari kita, masa Prapaskah sudah menjadi sebuah rutinitas tahunan. Kita berpantang makan daging atau hal-hal lain yang membuat kita nyaman dan berpuasa setidaknya dua kali dalam setahun (Rabu Abu dan Jumat Agung). Kita juga diminta untuk menghabiskan lebih banyak waktu untuk berdoa dan didorong untuk beramal lebih banyak. Warna dan suasana liturgi juga berubah di gereja-gereja kita. Dan di banyak paroki, pengakuan dosa juga tersedia. Beberapa dari kita mungkin tidak benar-benar mengerti mengapa kita harus melakukan hal-hal ini, tetapi karena kita adalah orang Katolik dan orang lain mempraktikkannya, kita juga melakukannya. Beberapa dari kita mungkin menyadari alasan di balik berbagai olah rohani ini karena kita mendengarkan katekese yang diberikan oleh para imam atau katekis awam, atau penjelasan yang diberikan di media sosial. Sebagai seorang imam, saya berusaha untuk mengambil setiap kesempatan untuk mendidik umat beriman pada masa yang indah ini (lihat juga katekese dan refleksi saya di tahun-tahun sebelumnya). Namun, kita masih bertanya-tanya mengapa kita harus terus melakukan hal-hal ini setiap tahun?

Jawabannya terletak pada kodrat manusia kita yang terluka. Berbicara tentang kodrat manusia, kita harus kembali kepada orang tua pertama kita, Adam dan Hawa. Dalam bacaan pertama Minggu ini, kita menemukan bagaimana Adam diciptakan dari debu tanah dan menerima nafas kehidupan. Tidak hanya itu, Tuhan menempatkan mereka di taman yang dekat dengan Allah sendiri. Hal ini menjadi simbol bahwa mereka hidup dalam keselarasan dengan Tuhan, alam semesta dan diri mereka sendiri. Ini adalah kondisi rahmat yang asli (original state of grace). Namun, terlepas dari semua hak istimewa itu, Adam dan Hawa, yang berasal dari tanah, berani menentang Tuhan semesta alam. Sungguh, dosa mereka layak berbuah kematian. Namun, Tuhan berbelas kasih, mencegah kematian, dan memberikan kesempatan kedua bagi pria dan wanita. Sayangnya, dosa telah melukai jiwa mereka dan menghancurkan persahabatan mereka dengan Tuhan. Kodrat yang terluka sekarang menjadi lemah terhadap godaan dan cenderung melakukan lebih banyak dosa.

Sayangnya, Adam bukan hanya seorang individu yang terisolasi. Ia merupakan kepala umat manusia. Oleh karena itu, Santo Paulus, dalam suratnya kepada jemaat di Roma (bacaan kedua Minggu ini), mengungkapkan kebenaran bahwa dampak dari dosa Adam mengalir ke seluruh umat manusia. “Sebab itu, sama seperti dosa telah masuk ke dalam dunia oleh satu orang dan oleh dosa itu juga maut, demikianlah maut itu telah menjalar kepada semua orang, karena semua orang telah berbuat dosa (Rm. 5:12).” Ketika kita dikandung, kita menerima kodrat manusia yang terluka. Kita berada dalam kondisi yang jauh dari Allah. Tradisi Katolik kita menyebutnya sebagai ‘dosa asal’.

Namun, kita tidak perlu putus asa. Juga dalam surat yang sama, St. Paulus memberitakan kabar baik bahwa Yesus telah menyelamatkan kita dan membawa kita kembali ke dalam persahabatan dengan Allah, yaitu kondisi rahmat (state of grace). “Sebab, jika karena pelanggaran satu orang semua orang telah jatuh di dalam kuasa maut, jauh lebih besar lagi rahmat Allah dan karunia-Nya, yang dilimpahkan-Nya atas semua orang karena satu orang, yaitu Yesus Kristus. (Rm. 5:15).”

Lalu, pertanyaannya yang tetap ada: “Jika kita sudah ditebus, mengapa kita masih harus melakukan olah rohani yang intensif di masa Prapaskah? Ya, kita telah ditebus, tetapi jiwa kita masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan karena dampak dari dosa asal. Kita masih memiliki kecenderungan dan ketidakteraturan untuk melakukan dosa (para theolog menyebutnya sebagai ‘concupiscentia’ – KGK 405). Oleh karena itu, untuk menguatkan otot-otot rohani kita melawan kedagingan, dunia, dan iblis, dan semakin hidup di dalam rahmat, Yesus memberi kita tiga kiat berikut ini: berpuasa, berdoa secara intensif, dan beramal. (Untuk mengetahui mengapa ketiga hal ini harus dilakukan, lihatlah renungan saya tahun lalu).

Namun, ada satu pertanyaan yang tersisa: “Mengapa Allah mengizinkan ‘concupiscentia’ untuk tetap ada di dalam jiwa kita meskipun ada kita sudah ditebus?” Nantikan jawabannya Minggu depan!

Roma
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Lent, Adam and Jesus

On By bayuopIn English, LentLeave a comment

1st Sunday of Lent [A]
February 26, 2023
Matthew 4:1-11

We are now on the first Sunday of Lent. For some of us, the Lenten season is just another routine. We abstain from meat or other things that bring us comfort and fast at least twice a year (Ash Wednesday and Good Friday). We are also asked to spend more time in prayer and encouraged to give more alms. The liturgical color and atmosphere also change in our churches. And in many parishes, confessions are made available. Some of us may not really understand why we must do these things, but since we are Catholics and others are practicing it, we do it too. Some of us may be aware of the reason behind these spiritual exercises because we listen to the catechesis given by the priests or lay catechesis, or explanations given on social media. As a priest, I take every opportunity to educate the faithful on this beautiful season (check also my catechesis and reflections in previous years). Yet, we still wonder why we have to keep doing this every year.

creation of Adam by Michelangelo at Sistine Chapel

The answer rests on our wounded nature. Speaking about our nature, we cannot but go back to our first parents Adam and Eve. In our first reading, we discover how Adam and Eve were created from the dust of the earth and received the breath of life. Not only that, God placed them in the garden close to Himself. This becomes a symbol that they lived in harmony with God, nature, and themselves. This is the state of original grace. Yet, despite all the privileges, Adam and Eve, the dirt of the earth, dared to defy the Lord of the universe. Truly, their sin merited death. God was merciful, prevented total death, and gave a second chance for man and woman. Unfortunately, sin has wounded their souls and destroyed their original friendship with God. The wounded nature is now weak to temptations and prone to commit more sins.

Regrettably, Adam is not just an isolated individual. He is also the head of humanity. Thus, St. Paul, in his letter to the Romans (our second reading), expressed the truth that the effects of Adam’s sin flow to all humanity. “Therefore, as sin came into the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all men because all men sinned (Rom 5:12).” When we are conceived, we receive a wounded human nature. We are in a state far from God. Our tradition calls this original sin.

However, we are not doomed to hopelessness. St. Paul, also in the same letter, preached the good news that Jesus has saved us and brought us back into the friendship of God, the state of grace. “For if many died through one man’s trespass, much more have the grace of God and the free gift in the grace of that one man Jesus Christ abounded for many (Rom 5:15).”

Then, the question remains: ‘If we are already redeemed, why must we do intensive spiritual exercises in the Lenten season?’ Yes, we have been redeemed, but our souls retain some weaknesses due to the effects of original sin. We still have this tendency to commit sin and disorder. Thus, to strengthen our spiritual muscles against the flesh, the world, and the devil, Jesus gives us these three tips: fast, intensive prayer, and almsgiving. (For why these three actions, see my last year’s reflection.)

Yet, one question remains: ‘Why did God allow concupiscence to remain in our souls despite the work of redemption?’ Wait for the answer next Sunday!

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Story of the Elder Son

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4th Sunday of Lent [C]
March 27, 2022
Luke 15:1-3, 11-32

The parable of the prodigal is one of the most beautiful and heart-warming stories in the entire Bible. It is, in fact, the longest among Jesus’ parables and loaded with exciting details. While a great deal of the parable is given to the younger son, the story ends with the elder son. Many of us identify with the younger son. We used to live in the life of sin, far from God, and even become the enemies of God. Yet, we felt empty, and our lives go in the wrong direction. Then, going back to our senses, we repent and go back to the Lord. However, not a few identify themselves with the elder son.

Personally, I tend to be sympathetic to the elder son, perhaps because I am also the eldest in the family. I feel that the elder son’s anger is nothing but natural. I will be angry if my younger brothers ask for his inheritance and leave the family behind for a life of dissipation. I will be even more enraged when he suddenly comes back, and my parents will accept him as if nothing happens. At least, he must be disciplined and make reparations for what he has done. It is just and right!

Yet, after I go deeper into the story, I realize some critical details. The elder son is angry, and, in his wrath, he refuses to enter the home. Without realizing it, the elder son does what, the younger son did: leaving his house. Then, He says, “this son of yours!” He could have said, “Father, why do you treat my brother like this!” Without realizing it, the elder son does what the younger son did: distancing and disassociating himself from his father. Another interesting fact is that the elder son says, “I have been working like a slave for you.” Without realizing it, the elder son becomes what, the younger son has been: a slave.

Son though he is, he never considers himself as one, but rather a mere slave. We can see how the elder son only views his brother as another runaway slave and his father as an enslaver. A disobedient slave must be punished severely, and the loyal servant must be rewarded. Therefore, he is distraught. His paradigm is violated. He fails to see from his father’s perspective, and thus, he suffers.

From this story, we see a deeper meaning of metanoia or repentance. Metanoia [change of mind] does not simply mean turning from a life of sin to a life with God. It also means having the mind and heart of God. We are invited to think and act, no longer as slaves fearing punishment, but as mature children of God. Unfortunately, some of us are like the lost firstborn, who see ourselves as nothing more than servants, and we build our relationship with God based on fear, not love. We go to church because otherwise, we will go to hell. We serve because otherwise, we will be cursed. And we begin to see our neighbors as servants who have to follow the rules blindly; otherwise, they will be severely punished. Metanoia means no longer living in fear but as children of God living in love and freedom.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Yesus, sang Setan, dan Sabda Allah

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Minggu Prapaskah ke-1 [C]
6 Maret 2022
Lukas 4:1-13

Minggu Prapaskah ke-1 [C] 6 Maret 2022 Lukas 4:1-13 Pada Minggu pertama Prapaskah, Gereja selalu memberikan bacaan Injil tentang Yesus di padang gurun selama 40 hari. Ada beberapa alasan untuk pilihan ini. Pertama, karena Yesus tinggal selama empat puluh hari di padang gurun, kita juga diundang untuk memasuki padang gurun Prapaskah selama 40 hari. Kedua, karena Yesus berpuasa dan berdoa di padang gurun, kita juga dipanggil untuk berpuasa dan berdoa selama masa Prapaskah ini. Ketiga, Yesus mengajar kita bagaimana melawan iblis dan godaannya. Karena saat ini kita berada di Tahun Liturgi C, kita dapat belajar dari kisah Yesus di padang gurun dari sudut pandang Lukas. Salah satu yang menonjol dalam perdebatan antara Yesus dan sang iblis adalah bagaimana firman Tuhan digunakan.

Pada Minggu pertama Prapaskah, Gereja selalu memberikan bacaan Injil tentang Yesus di padang gurun selama 40 hari. Ada beberapa alasan untuk pilihan ini. Pertama, karena Yesus tinggal selama empat puluh hari di padang gurun, kita juga diundang untuk memasuki padang gurun Prapaskah selama 40 hari. Kedua, karena Yesus berpuasa dan berdoa di padang gurun, kita juga dipanggil untuk berpuasa dan berdoa selama masa Prapaskah ini. Ketiga, Yesus mengajar kita bagaimana melawan iblis dan godaannya. Karena saat ini kita berada di Tahun Liturgi C, kita dapat belajar dari kisah Yesus di padang gurun dari sudut pandang Lukas. Salah satu yang menonjol dalam perdebatan antara Yesus dan sang iblis adalah bagaimana firman Tuhan digunakan.

Yesus menghadapi tiga godaan Iblis. Ini adalah tiga area di mana pribadi manusia secara rohani lemah. Yang pertama adalah godaan kedagingan, dan hal ini menyerang keinginan kita untuk kenikmatan badani seperti makanan dan hubungan suami-istri. Yang kedua adalah godaan keserakahan, dan hal ini mengeksploitasi keinginan kita untuk memiliki hal-hal yang kita lihat. Terakhir tapi paling mematikan, adalah godaan keangkuhan. Godaan ini membingungkan cinta-diri yang sejati dengan perilaku narsistik. Godaan ini adalah yang terburuk karena keangkuhan akhirnya menyedot kita ke dalam gagasan palsu bahwa kita bisa menjadi tuhan-tuhan kecil.

Ini adalah godaan yang Iblis lemparkan kepada Yesus. Godaan kedagingan diluncurkan ketika Yesus lapar dan diminta untuk mengubah batu dan roti. Godaan keserakahan dimulai ketika Yesus dibawa untuk melihat keajaiban dunia dan ditawarkan untuk memiliki semuanya. Terakhir, godaan keangkuhan dimulai ketika Yesus diundang untuk memamerkan kuasa-Nya karena Dia memiliki otoritas untuk memerintahkan para malaikat.

Tentu saja, iblis gagal total. Namun, yang lebih menarik adalah cara Yesus melawan iblis. Setiap kali iblis melancarkan serangan, Yesus dengan bijak membalasnya dengan kutipan dari Perjanjian Lama. Sungguh, Firman Tuhan adalah senjata ampuh melawan serangan dan godaan iblis. Jadi, penting bagi kita untuk mengenal Alkitab kita dan mempelajarinya dengan baik.

Namun, itu bukan akhir dari cerita karena iblis pun menggunakan ayat Alkitab. Dia mengutip bagian dari Mazmur 91, “Dia akan memerintahkan malaikat-malaikat-Nya tentang kamu, untuk menjaga kamu… [Mzm 91:11]”. Apa yang lebih luar biasa adalah bahwa Mazmur 91 secara tradisional digunakan untuk pengusiran setan. Iblis menggunakan kata-kata yang digunakan untuk mengusirnya! Bagaimana ini mungkin? Pasalnya, iblis menggunakan ayat alkitab di luar konteks dan hanya sesuai dengan tujuannya, yaitu menjebak Yesus.

Dari kisah ini, kita mendapat pelajaran berharga. Kata-kata Kitab Suci, bila digunakan dengan cara yang tidak tepat dan hanya sesuai dengan tujuan kita, menjadi alat Iblis. Kita dipanggil untuk meneladani Yesus dalam menjalankan firman Tuhan. Hanya jika kita benar-benar membaca Alkitab dalam konteks yang tepat dan dalam relasi kasih dengan Tuhan, ini benar-benar menjadi Firman Tuhan yang penuh kuasa.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The True Glory

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5th Sunday of Lent [B]

March 21, 2021

John 12:20-33

Traditionally, the Gospel of John is divided into two major divisions: the Book of Sign [chapter 1-12] and the Book of Glory [Chapter 13-21]. The book of Sign focuses on the public ministry of Jesus and presents the seven signs of Jesus. In John’s Gospel, Sign is a technical term for a miracle. Jesus’ signs begin with changing water into wine in Cana and reaching its culmination in raising Lazarus from the dead. Meanwhile, the book of Glory tells us how Jesus is glorified. The second part starts with Jesus and his disciples in the Upperroom and culminates in His Passion, death, and resurrection.

Today’s Gospel is coming from John chapter 12, and this chapter serves as a transition between the Book of Signs to the Book of Glory. This is also why the Church selected this reading: to prepare us to enter the Passion Sunday or the Holy Week.

One powerful lesson that we can see in today’s Gospel is how Jesus perceived His Passion and death. Undeniably, He would be crucified and die a horrible death. Crucifixion is a monstrous punishment reserved only for heinous criminals or violent rebels against the Romans. Crucifixion is dreadful because its purpose is to prolong the agony of the condemned before they met their death. On the cross, people are treated even lower than the animals. This is the kind of death that Jesus embraced.

Yet, in John’s Gospel, he did not see His crucifixion as a mere human event but divine providence. Jesus calls His crucifixion the glorification of the Son of Man. Jesus’ view does not only reverse the perspective of the cross but radically transform it. His crucifixion is not just something good or positive, but it is the victorious summit of His life. Jesus declared that the cross is the time of a judgment against the devil, the ruler of the world. Jesus also claimed that the cross is when people from all nations gather as one and receive salvation.

Does it mean Jesus simply dismisses His human side and acts ridiculously tough before the suffering of the cross? Jesus also recognized and admitted His human emotions. We know that Jesus manly faces the horror of His death in the garden of Gethsemane, yet when Jesus was firm to do the Father’s will and to love until the end.

From here, we can learn a profound lesson from Jesus. In following Christ, we might face trials and hardship in life, yet trusting in God’s providence, we can embrace them as our moment of glorification. Trusting in God’s providence is not running from the harsh realities of life, but in fact, it presupposes that we embrace all our humanity. It is not running but resolutely accepting it.

We can always see the lives of our saints. St. Agatha could easily escape death, but she refused to deny Christ and braved the horrifying tortures and death. Her torturers cut her breasts, and she was burned alive. In the eyes of the world, her death was senseless, but for them, it is sharing in the suffering of Christ, and thus, sharing in His Glory.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Photocredit: marcio-chagas

Kemuliaan Sejati

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Minggu ke-5 Prapaskah [B]
21 Maret 2021
Yohanes 12: 20-33

njil Yohanes biasanya dibagi menjadi dua divisi utama: Buku Tanda-Tanda [bab 1-12] dan Buku Kemuliaan [Bab 13-21]. Buku Tanda-Tanda berfokus pada pelayanan publik Yesus dan juga tujuh ‘tanda’ Yesus. Dalam Injil Yohanes, ‘Tanda’ adalah istilah teknis untuk mukjizat. Tanda-tanda Yesus ini dimulai dengan mengubah air menjadi anggur di Kana dan mencapai puncaknya dengan membangkitkan Lazarus dari kematian. Sedangkan Buku Kemuliaan menjelaskan kepada kita bagaimana Yesus ‘dimuliakan’. Buku kedua dimulai dengan Yesus dan murid-murid-Nya di Ruang Atas dan berpuncak pada sengsara, wafat, dan kebangkitan-Nya.

Injil hari ini diambil dari Yohanes bab 12, dan bab ini berfungsi sebagai transisi antara Buku Tanda-Tanda ke Buku Kemuliaan. Ini juga mengapa Gereja memilih bacaan ini: untuk mempersiapkan kita memasuki Minggu Palma Sengsara Yesus dan Pekan Suci.

Satu pelajaran berharga yang dapat kita lihat dalam Injil hari ini adalah bagaimana Yesus memandang sengsara dan kematian-Nya. Tidak dapat disangkal, Yesus akan disalibkan dan wafat dengan cara yang mengerikan. Penyaliban adalah hukuman mengerikan yang hanya diperuntukkan bagi penjahat kelas berat dan pemberontak terhadap bangsa Romawi. Penyaliban ini mengerikan karena tujuannya adalah untuk memperpanjang penderitaan yang terhukum sebelum mereka menemui ajalnya. Di kayu salib, orang diperlakukan lebih rendah daripada hewan. Ini adalah kematian mengerikan yang Yesus akan rangkul.

Namun, dalam Injil Yohanes, Yesus tidak sekedar melihat penyaliban-Nya sebagai peristiwa manusia belaka tetapi sebagai penyelenggaraan ilahi. Yesus menyebut penyaliban-Nya sebagai kemuliaan Anak Manusia. Pandangan Yesus ini tidak hanya membalikkan perspektif salib tetapi secara radikal mentransformasinya. Penyaliban-Nya, bagi Yesus bukan hanya sesuatu yang baik atau positif, tetapi itu adalah puncak kemenangan dari hidup-Nya. Yesus menyatakan bahwa salib adalah waktu penghakiman terhadap iblis, penguasa dunia [Yoh 12:31]. Yesus juga mengklaim bahwa salib adalah saat orang-orang dari segala bangsa berkumpul menjadi satu dan menerima keselamatan [Yoh 12:32].

Apakah ini berarti Yesus mengabaikan sisi kemanusiaan-Nya dan menekan emosi-Nya sebelum menderita di kayu salib? Tentu tidak! Yesus juga mengenali dan menghidupi emosi manusiawi-Nya. Kita tahu bahwa Yesus menghadapi kengerian kematian-Nya di dalam sakratul maut di taman Getsemani, namun walaupun penuh pergulatan, Yesus tetap teguh untuk melakukan kehendak Bapa dan untuk mengasihi sampai akhir.

Dari sini, kita dapat mendapatkan pelajaran yang sangat berharga dari Yesus. Dalam mengikuti Kristus, kita mungkin menghadapi pencobaan dan kesulitan dalam hidup, namun kita diajak untuk percaya pada penyelenggaraan Tuhan, dan kita dapat merangkul penderitaan kita sebagai momen kemuliaan kita. Percaya pada penyelenggaraan Tuhan bukan berarti lari dari kenyataan hidup, tetapi sebaliknya, hal ini mengandaikan bahwa kita merangkul seluruh kemanusiaan kita.

Kita selalu bisa belajar dari kehidupan para kudus kita. Sebagai contoh, St Agatha dapat dengan mudah lolos dari kematian, tetapi dia menolak untuk menyangkal Kristus dan menantang siksaan dan kematian yang mengerikan. Para penyiksanya memotong payudaranya, dan dia dibakar hidup-hidup. Di mata dunia, kematiannya tidak masuk akal, tetapi bagi mereka, yang berbagi dalam penderitaan Kristus, dan dengan demikian, berbagi dalam Kemuliaan-Nya.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

photocredit: manuel-asturias

The Serpent, the Manna and the Eucharist

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Fourth Sunday of Lent [B]
March 14, 2021
John 3:14-21

Today’s Gospel presents us with one of the most cryptic sayings of Jesus, “Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of Man be lifted up, so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.” To unpack this, we cannot but go back to the Old Testament, especially the Book of Numbers.

In the book of Numbers chapter 21, we will discover Israelites’ story in the desert who complained about God’s given food. They even called Manna from God as the wretched or even worthless food. Indeed, this ungrateful act brought upon themselves a terrible punishment. The seraph serpents assaulted and killed many Israelites. Aware that they were perishing, the Israelites begged for mercy. God instructed Moses to make a bronze serpent and mount it on a pole for people to see. Those who had been bitten saw the bronze serpent and recovered. With this story as a background, Jesus presented Himself like the bronze serpent. He would be lifted on the cross so that those who see Him and believe will receive eternal life.

Yet, there are more! We notice that the reason behind this punishment is that the Israelites failed to appreciate the bread from heaven and even called it worthless. Indeed, that was an act of ingratitude, but it was also an act of the desecration to the heavenly bread itself. No wonder that the punishment was so severe. Interestingly, Jesus pointed out that the Manna in the desert is a type of Eucharistic bread that He would give [see John 6:48-50]. Thus, the incident in Number 21 teaches us a hard lesson about what will happen if we dishonor not only any God’s gift but also the most precious gift, the Body of Christ in the Eucharist.

The one responsible for the death of the Israelites was the seraph serpents. This serpent was not an ordinary snake like cobra or python. The word ‘seraph’ or the ‘burning one’ reminds us of the seraphim, one of the higher echelons of angelic beings. Aside from that, the image of a serpent that attacked humanity brought us to Satan’s first assault against Adam and Eve. The attack against the Israelites in the desert was not merely a natural phenomenon but supernatural. The devil himself wreaked havoc on the people of Israel.

If we connect the dots, we will see the relation between the Manna, the serpent, and the bronze serpent. When the Israelites desecrated the Manna, the seraph serpents broke loose and began their onslaught. The Manna was not only nourishing the Israelites but also protecting them from spiritual harm. If Manna in the desert is a type of the Eucharist, the serpent is the devil, and the bronze serpent is Jesus crucified, we can move one step further. Every time we desecrate the Eucharist, we do not only insult God but also open the gate of hell and let diabolic power overpower us and our societies. This desecration can only be remedied by true repentance and the cross of Jesus.

If we see ourselves, our families, and our communities are falling apart and becoming an easy target of the devil, the root is that we fail to honor the Eucharist. Like the Manna that protected the Israelites against the serpents and nourished them along their journey, the eucharist is our bulwark against the onslaught of the devil, and it is our spiritual food that nourishes and strengthens us in this earthly journey.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

photocredit: Maria Ostwalt

Ular, Manna dan Ekaristi

On By bayuopIn Bahasa, LentenLeave a comment

Minggu Keempat Prapaskah [B]

14 Maret 2021

Yohanes 3: 14-21

Injil hari ini memberi kita salah satu perkataan Yesus yang paling sulit dimengerti, “sama seperti Musa meninggikan ular di padang gurun,  demikian juga Anak Manusia harus ditinggikan,  supaya setiap orang yang percaya kepada-Nya beroleh hidup yang kekal.” Untuk memahami perkataan ini, kita perlu kembali ke Perjanjian Lama, terutama Kitab Bilangan.

Dalam kitab Bilangan bab 21, kita akan menemukan kisah bani Israel di padang gurun yang mengeluh tentang Manna yang diberikan Tuhan. Mereka bahkan menyebut Manna dari Tuhan tersebut sebagai makanan tidak ada gunanya atau bahkan tidak berharga. Tentunya, tindakan mereka ini membawa hukuman yang mengerikan. Ular tedung menyerang dan membunuh banyak orang Israel. Sadar bahwa mereka akan binasa, orang Israel memohon belas kasihan. Tuhan memerintahkan Musa untuk membuat ular perunggu dan memasangnya di tiang untuk dilihat orang. Mereka yang telah digigit dan melihat ular perunggu itupun pulih. Dengan latar belakang cerita ini, Yesus menampilkan diri-Nya seperti ular perunggu. Dia akan ditinggikan di kayu salib sehingga mereka yang melihat Dia dan percaya akan menerima hidup yang kekal.

Namun, ada hal yang menarik yang kita tidak boleh lewatkan! Jika kita memperhatikan, alasan dari mengapa orang Israel kena hukuman adalah bahwa orang Israel gagal menghargai roti dari surga dan bahkan menyebutnya tidak berharga. Tentunya, ini adalah tindakan tidak tahu berterima kasih, tetapi lebih dalam, ini merupakan tindakan penodaan terhadap roti surgawi itu sendiri. Inilah mengapa hukumannya sangat berat. Yang menarik adalah Yesus menunjukkan bahwa manna di gurun adalah tanda dari roti Ekaristi yang akan Dia berikan [lihat Yoh 6: 48-50]. Jadi, kejadian di Bilangan 21 mengajarkan kita pelajaran pahit apa yang akan terjadi jika kita tidak menghargai anugerah Tuhan, dan terutama anugerah yang paling berharga yakni, Tubuh Kristus dalam Ekaristi.

Yang bertanggung jawab atas kematian orang Israel adalah ular tedung.  Jika kita perhatikan, kata ibrani yang digunakan adalah ‘saraph.’ Kata ‘saraph’ atau ‘yang terbakar’ mengingatkan kita pada seraphim, salah satu malaikat di surga. Selain itu, cerita tentang ular yang menyerang umat manusia mengingatkan kita pada serangan pertama Setan terhadap Adam dan Hawa. Ular ini bukanlah ular biasa seperti ular cobra atau ular sanca. Serangan terhadap bangsa Israel di padang gurun bukan hanya fenomena alami, melainkan supranatural. Iblis sendiri yang datang membawa malapetaka bagi orang-orang Israel.

Jika sekarang kita menghubungkan hal-hal ini, kita akan melihat hubungan antara manna, ular ‘saraph’ dan ular perunggu. Ketika orang Israel menodai manna, ular seraph terlepas dan memulai serangan mereka. Manna tidak hanya memberi makan orang Israel, tetapi juga melindungi mereka dari bahaya rohani. Sekarang, jika manna di gurun adalah tanda dari Ekaristi, ular adalah iblis, dan ular perunggu adalah Yesus yang disalibkan, kita bisa melangkah lebih jauh. Setiap kali kita menodai Ekaristi, kita tidak hanya menghina Tuhan, tetapi juga membuka gerbang neraka dan membiarkan kekuatan jahat menguasai kita dan komunitas kita. Penodaan ini hanya dapat diperbaiki dengan pertobatan sejati dan salib Yesus.

Jika kita melihat diri kita sendiri, keluarga kita dan komunitas kita berantakan dan menjadi sasaran empuk iblis, akarnya adalah kita gagal menghormati Ekaristi. Seperti Manna yang melindungi orang Israel dari ular, dan memberi makan mereka sepanjang perjalanan mereka, ekaristi adalah benteng pertahanan kita melawan serangan setan, dan makanan rohani kita yang memelihara dan memperkuat kita dalam perjalanan duniawi ini menuju tanah air surgawi.

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Jesus, the New Temple of God

On By bayuopIn English, LentLeave a comment

3rd Sunday of Lent

March 7, 2021

John 2:13-25

We, modern readers, often misunderstand today’s Gospel. This particular Jesus’ story becomes a basis for some to refuse the church building and parish vicinities for non-religious activities, however good its intention is. I personally agree that the inside of the Church’s building is a place set aside for worship and prayer. This is the sacred ground for people to encounter God and experience heaven.

However, today’s Gospel is more complicated than it seems. We tend to assume that Jesus cleansed the Temple from the animal vendors and money traders because Jesus saw them as not originally part of the Temple, but suddenly they were not mushrooming in the Temple’s area. Yet, if we go back to the time of Jesus, animal vendors and coin traders were part of the Temple’s system. The pilgrims from different parts of Palestine and the world streamed to the Temple every day, and though bringing their animal sacrifice was possible, it was not practical. The animals certainly would add inconvenient burdens, and they might get some brushes or injuries along the way. With the wounds or damages, the animals were no longer fit for the sacrifice. Thus, to offer a solution to these weary pilgrims, vendors in Jerusalem were ready to help by providing a healthy and worthy animal sacrifice.

Money changers are also tied to the Temple. To support the upkeep of the Temple, pilgrims were to donate some money, yet the Temple did not accept the Roman coins. Temple’s authority perceived the coins were a sign of foreign oppression. They are also considered blasphemous because the coin recognized Caesar as divine. Meanwhile, the Jews were not allowed to mint their coins. As a solution, they were accepting coins from the neighboring city of Tyre. Here comes the role of the coin traders. Without animal sellers and money exchange service, the Temple of Jerusalem would not perform as it should be. We can imagine how difficult it is to produce our own wine and bread for the celebration of the Eucharist.

Ordinarily, the animal vendors and coin traders were located near but outside the Temple. Yet, the problem began when the Temple’s authorities allowed these sellers to be inside the temple area, especially around the court of the gentiles. Jesus was doing what is right. However, farthest from the inner sanctuary, the court of the gentiles is still an integral part of the Temple and remains a place of prayer, especially for those non-Jewish people who believed in the God of Israel.

Jesus wanted to protect the house of God as a house of prayer and worship and desired that the Gentiles have a place in this house of prayer. While unfortunately, the Temple of Jerusalem was destroyed in 70 AD by the Roman empire, Jesus’ vision lives on. His desire to unite the nations in prayer and worship of the true God is realized and achieved perfection in His body, the new Temple of God.

Where do we find now the Body [and Blood] of Christ? It is in the Eucharist. In the Eucharist, people from different nations and languages gather to offer worthy worship to the true God. Every time we celebrate the Eucharist, we become the living testimony of this Jesus’ vision of worship for all nations. We can worship the true God because Jesus prepares the place for us.

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP