Fourth Sunday of Lent [B]
March 14, 2021
John 3:14-21
Today’s Gospel presents us with one of the most cryptic sayings of Jesus, “Just as Moses lifted up the serpent in the desert, so must the Son of Man be lifted up, so that everyone who believes in him may have eternal life.” To unpack this, we cannot but go back to the Old Testament, especially the Book of Numbers.
In the book of Numbers chapter 21, we will discover Israelites’ story in the desert who complained about God’s given food. They even called Manna from God as the wretched or even worthless food. Indeed, this ungrateful act brought upon themselves a terrible punishment. The seraph serpents assaulted and killed many Israelites. Aware that they were perishing, the Israelites begged for mercy. God instructed Moses to make a bronze serpent and mount it on a pole for people to see. Those who had been bitten saw the bronze serpent and recovered. With this story as a background, Jesus presented Himself like the bronze serpent. He would be lifted on the cross so that those who see Him and believe will receive eternal life.
Yet, there are more! We notice that the reason behind this punishment is that the Israelites failed to appreciate the bread from heaven and even called it worthless. Indeed, that was an act of ingratitude, but it was also an act of the desecration to the heavenly bread itself. No wonder that the punishment was so severe. Interestingly, Jesus pointed out that the Manna in the desert is a type of Eucharistic bread that He would give [see John 6:48-50]. Thus, the incident in Number 21 teaches us a hard lesson about what will happen if we dishonor not only any God’s gift but also the most precious gift, the Body of Christ in the Eucharist.
The one responsible for the death of the Israelites was the seraph serpents. This serpent was not an ordinary snake like cobra or python. The word ‘seraph’ or the ‘burning one’ reminds us of the seraphim, one of the higher echelons of angelic beings. Aside from that, the image of a serpent that attacked humanity brought us to Satan’s first assault against Adam and Eve. The attack against the Israelites in the desert was not merely a natural phenomenon but supernatural. The devil himself wreaked havoc on the people of Israel.
If we connect the dots, we will see the relation between the Manna, the serpent, and the bronze serpent. When the Israelites desecrated the Manna, the seraph serpents broke loose and began their onslaught. The Manna was not only nourishing the Israelites but also protecting them from spiritual harm. If Manna in the desert is a type of the Eucharist, the serpent is the devil, and the bronze serpent is Jesus crucified, we can move one step further. Every time we desecrate the Eucharist, we do not only insult God but also open the gate of hell and let diabolic power overpower us and our societies. This desecration can only be remedied by true repentance and the cross of Jesus.
If we see ourselves, our families, and our communities are falling apart and becoming an easy target of the devil, the root is that we fail to honor the Eucharist. Like the Manna that protected the Israelites against the serpents and nourished them along their journey, the eucharist is our bulwark against the onslaught of the devil, and it is our spiritual food that nourishes and strengthens us in this earthly journey.
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP
photocredit: Maria Ostwalt

Injil hari ini memberi kita salah satu perkataan Yesus yang paling sulit dimengerti, “sama seperti Musa meninggikan ular di padang gurun, demikian juga Anak Manusia harus ditinggikan, supaya setiap orang yang percaya kepada-Nya beroleh hidup yang kekal.” Untuk memahami perkataan ini, kita perlu kembali ke Perjanjian Lama, terutama Kitab Bilangan.
We, modern readers, often misunderstand today’s Gospel. This particular Jesus’ story becomes a basis for some to refuse the church building and parish vicinities for non-religious activities, however good its intention is. I personally agree that the inside of the Church’s building is a place set aside for worship and prayer. This is the sacred ground for people to encounter God and experience heaven.
Mountain is a special place in the Bible. It is a place where God meets His people. In the Old Testament, there are many instances where mountains become a pivotal point of salvation history. After the great flood that cleansed the world, the Ark of Noah landed on Mount Ararat, and there, Noah offered sacrifice to God [see Gen 8:4]. Abraham was asked by God to offer his son Isaac on Mount Moriah. Just right before the sacrifice, the angel of God prevented Abraham and God recognized Abraham’s faith [see Gen 22]. When Moses was tending the flock of his father-in-law, Moses saw a burning bush yet was not consumed, and there, on the mount of Horeb, God called Moses to save Israelites from the Egyptians [see Exo 3]. After the liberation from Egypt, Moses and the Israelites the Law and established a covenant with God on the mount of Sinai [see Exo 24:18].
Gunung adalah tempat khusus di dalam Kitab Suci. Ini adalah tempat dimana Tuhan bertemu dengan umat-Nya. Dalam Perjanjian Lama, ada banyak contoh di mana gunung menjadi titik penting dalam sejarah keselamatan. Setelah banjir besar yang membersihkan dunia, Bahtera nabi Nuh mendarat di Gunung Ararat dan di sana, Nuh mempersembahkan korban kepada Tuhan [lihat Kejadian 8: 4]. Abraham diminta oleh Tuhan untuk mempersembahkan putranya, Ishak, di Gunung Moria. Tepat sebelum pengorbanan, malaikat Tuhan mencegah Abraham dan Tuhan menerima iman Abraham [lihat Kejadian 22]. Ketika Musa sedang menggembalakan kawanan bapa mertuanya, Musa melihat semak bernyala tapi tidak habis terbakar, dan di sana, di gunung Horeb, Tuhan memanggil Musa untuk menyelamatkan bani Israel dari Mesir [lihat Keluaran 3].
Why did Jesus have to stay in the wilderness for 40 days? The answer is not difficult. He was reperforming what the Israelites did when they were liberated from Egypt. The Israelites stayed for 40 years in the wilderness before they entered the promised land. Yet, there is one more thing! Mark gives us a small, however important detail: in the wilderness, Jesus was staying with the beasts. Why so? If there is one man closely connected to the beasts in the scriptures, he is no other than Adam. Jesus is the new Israel who endured the harsh conditions of the desert and the new Adam who faced the onslaught of the devil.
Mengapa Yesus harus tinggal di padang gurun selama 40 hari? Jawabannya tidak sulit. Dia mengulangi apa yang dilakukan orang Israel ketika mereka dibebaskan dari perbudakan Mesir. Orang Israel tinggal selama 40 tahun di padang gurun sebelum mereka memasuki tanah perjanjian. Namun, ada satu hal lagi! Markus memberi kita detail kecil namun penting: di padang gurun, Yesus tinggal bersama binatang-binatang. Kenapa demikian? Jika ada satu orang yang hidup bersama para binatang di dalam kitab suci, dia tidak lain adalah Adam. Yesus bukan hanya Israel baru yang menanggung kondisi keras padang gurun, tetapi juga Adam baru yang menghadapi serangan setan.
Among the five human senses, the sense of touch is the most basic and foundation to other senses. The sense of sight needs to be in touch with the light spectrum. The sense of taste requires to be in contact with the chemical in the food. The sense of hearing must receive air vibration or sound waves. This sense makes us a human being, a bodily being. No wonder that many traumatic experiences [even mental problems] are rooted in the lack (or excess) of touch.
Di antara lima indra manusia, indra peraba [sentuhan] adalah yang paling dasar dan fondasi bagi indra yang lainnya. Indra penglihatan perlu bersentuhan dengan spektrum cahaya. Indra perasa perlu bersentuhan dengan bahan kimia dalam makanan. Indra pendengaran harus menerima getaran suara di udara. Sentuhan menjadikan kita manusia, makhluk yang bertubuh. Tidak mengheran jika banyak pengalaman traumatis [bahkan masalah mental] berakar pada sentuhan yang kurang diterima atau tidak seharusnya diterima.