Author: bayuop

A Dominican brother tries his best to preach the Gospel...

Why John did not know Jesus

On By bayuopIn English, Ordinary TimeLeave a comment

2nd Sunday in Ordinary Time [A]
January 15, 2023
John 1:29-35

Reading through today’s Gospel, we may have some questions in our minds, “why did John call Jesus ‘the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world?’ and ‘why did John say that he did not know Jesus and Jesus was before him?’ we know for sure that John was a relative of Jesus and, in fact, he was born six months ahead of Jesus. In this reflection, I will no longer write about the identity of Jesus as the Lamb of God because I have talked about it two years ago [kindly check my reflection dated January 17, 2021]. Thus, we try to answer the second question.

We know from the Gospel of Luke that Mary and Elizabeth, the mother of John, were close relatives, and Mary even spent around three months at the place of Elizabeth and Zachariah, her husband [Luk 1:39-56]. The birth of John and Jesus are even closely linked. Sometimes, I stumble upon a religious art depicting John and Jesus were playing together as little children. Surely, this is coming from the imagination and creativity of the Christian artists. Then, why did suddenly John say ‘he did not know Jesus’?

The answer may be discovered in the early life of John recorded in the Gospel of Luke. Luke writes that John grew strong in the Spirit, and he was in the wilderness until the day he appeared publicly to Israel (see Luk 1:80). Thus, John may hear about Jesus from his parents, but it is most likely that they were never personally met because John was in the wilderness since he was very young. Why wilderness? How could a young child survive in the wilderness? A number of scholars suggest that John, as young boy, entered one of the Essences communities. The Essences are the Jewish religious group that flourished in the time of John, and they were well-known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses. They were also famous because they lived as communities in the wilderness.

Another interesting thing is that John said that Jesus was ‘before’ him. Yet, John was born earlier than Jesus. Here, John was not referring to the chronological date of birth and biological age. By divine inspiration, John testified that Jesus has existed even before him, and in fact before everything else. This is consistent with the prologue of the fourth Gospel (see John 1:1-14). Even before Jesus was born into the world, He was already with the Father and the Holy Spirit for all eternity. John the Baptist recognized the divinity identity of Jesus.

What do we learn from John’s testimony? Many of us may know little about Jesus. We may celebrate His birthday every year and recognize His face (because of the shroud of Turin), and be familiar with some His stories and teachings, but we do not know much about Him. Even for many biblical scholars and theologians who spend almost their lives to study Jesus’ life, Jesus remains a mystery. Here is the consolation: even John, Jesus’ relative, does not know much about Jesus!
It is true that John knew very little about Jesus, but what he recognized is the most fundamental, that is, Jesus was before him. In short, Jesus is divine. Surely, I am not saying that we must stop getting to know Jesus, and simply believe that He is divine. In the contrary, we are invited to know Him better and deeper, and at the same time, we must not lose sight of the fundamental: His divine identity. Otherwise, we can easily fall into a temptation that Jesus is anything, but divine. In our study, we can discover that Jesus is a great prophet, a wonderful healer, a powerful exorcist, a righteous teacher, but if we fail to acknowledge His divinity, everything will be in vain.

St. John the Baptist, pray for us.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Emas, Mur dan Kemenyan

On By bayuopIn Bahasa, ChristmasLeave a comment

Epifani [A]
8 Januari 2023
Matius 2:1-12

Kisah orang Majus memiliki apa yang diperlukan untuk menjadi kisah petualangan yang luar biasa. Kisah ini dimulai dengan perjalanan panjang dan penuh tantangan orang-orang Majus dari timur yang mencari harta karun yang besar, yaitu Raja yang baru lahir. Ada juga bintang misterius yang membimbing mereka. Kemudian, tokoh antagonis, dalam diri Herodes, muncul. Dia tampaknya seorang pria yang suka menolong dan tulus, tetapi diam-diam menyembunyikan niat jahatnya dan berencana untuk menghancurkan Raja sejati. Kemudian kejutan! Para Majus menemukan sang Raja mereka pada kondisi yang paling tak terduga: bukan di istana, tapi di rumah sederhana, bukan dalam kekayaan, tetapi dari keluar sederhana, bukan raja biasa, tapi Sang Imanuel, Allah-bersama-kita. Kemudian, sebagai penutup, orang-orang Majus berhasil lolos dari raja gila karena mereka diperingatkan dalam mimpi dan kembali ke negara mereka sendiri melalui jalan yang berbeda dan lebih aman.

Matius adalah seorang narator yang jenius, dan mengizinkan kita, para pembacanya, untuk menjadi bagian dari cerita ini. Sebagian besar dari kita bisa dengan mudah mengidentifikasi diri kita dengan orang-orang Majus. Ia juga membiarkan beberapa elemen ceritanya ‘tidak lengkap’ sehingga kita bisa mengisinya dengan interpretasi dan imajinasi kita. Salah satunya adalah tiga persembahan orang Majus. Lalu, mengapa mereka mempersembahkan emas, kemenyan, dan mur?

Salah satu jawaban paling awal berasal dari St. Irenaeus (sekitar 200 M). Dia mengatakan bahwa tiga persembahan itu mewakili identitas dan misi Kristus. Emas adalah salah satu logam yang paling berharga, dan ini menjadi simbol dari Kristus Sang Raja. Kemenyan berkualitas tinggi juga merupakan sesuatu yang berharga digunakan untuk ritual keagamaan, dan ini menjadi simbol keilahian dan imamat Kristus. Sementara itu, mur adalah rempah-rempah berharga yang digunakan dalam penguburan (lihat Yoh 19:39), dan ini merujuk pada kematian dan kodrat manusia Yesus. St. Thomas Aquinas dari abad ke-13, dalam tafsirannya tentang Injil Matius, menjelaskan bahwa pemberian-pemberian ini memiliki tujuan yang lebih praktis. Emas adalah untuk membantu Keluarga Kudus yang berkekurangan secara finansial. Mur mungkin digunakan untuk menghangatkan tubuh bayi, dan kemenyan untuk menghilangkan bau tidak enak.

Penafsiran lain yang menarik adalah bahwa emas, mur, dan kemenyan adalah bahan yang digunakan dalam alkimia dan sihir kuno. Orang Majus (dari kata ‘magos’ dan akar kata ‘magic’) diyakini terlibat dalam kegiatan sihir, tetapi ketika mereka menemukan Yesus, mereka memutuskan untuk meninggalkan hal-hal ini dan menemukan cara baru dalam hidup mereka. Dengan demikian, karunia-karunia ini melambangkan pertobatan orang Majus kepada iman yang sejati.

Namun, secara pribadi saya cenderung ke arah penafsiran yang paling sederhana. Orang Majus mempersembahkan benda-benda ini karena hal-hal ini adalah benda-benda yang paling berharga yang mereka miliki saat itu. Mereka mempersembahkan yang terbaik yang mereka miliki kepada Raja sejati. Ini adalah sikap yang tepat untuk menghormati sang raja dan juga menyembah Tuhan. Di dalam Alkitab, tindakan penyembahan melibatkan persembahan yang terbaik yang kita miliki kepada Tuhan. Orang Majus menemukan Allah yang benar dan menyembah-Nya. Hal ini mengubah hidup mereka dan membawa sukacita dan keselamatan bagi mereka.

Kisah Epifani menyadarkan kita bahwa umat manusia memiliki tujuan, yaitu untuk menemukan Tuhannya. Kita sangat diberkati karena kita telah menemukan Allah kita. Namun, pertanyaannya adalah: apakah kita ingin menyembah Dia? Apa yang akan kita persembahkan kepada-Nya? Apakah kita bersedia memberikan hal-hal yang paling berharga dalam hidup kita? Apakah kita ingin hidup kita diubahkan? Sampai kita mempersembahkan emas, mur, dan kemenyan kita, itu belum mencapai akhir yang bahagia dan mulia.

Roma
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Gold, Myrrh and Frankincense

On By bayuopIn Christmas, EnglishLeave a comment

The Epiphany [A]
January 8, 2023
Matthew 2:1-12

The story has what it takes to be magical. It begins with a long and adventurous journey of people searching for a great treasure, the new-born King. There is also a mysterious star that guides them. Then, the antagonist, in the person of Herod, appears. He seems to be a helpful and sincere guy, but secretly hides his evil intention and plot to destroy the true King. Here comes the twist. The main characters discover their King in the most unexpected way: a little child in a humble house with His poor family, yet He is also Emmanuel, God-with-us. Then, for the finale, the Magi barely escape the mad king as they are warned in a dream and return to their own countries through a different and safer way.

Matthew is a genius storyteller, and allows us, his readers, to be part of the story. Most of us can easily identify ourselves with the Magi. He also leaves some elements ‘incomplete’ so that we may fill them in with our interpretation and imagination. One of those is the Magi’s gifts. Why do they offer gold, frankincense, and myrrh?

One of the earliest answers comes from St. Irenaeus (ca. 200 AD). He said that the gifts represent the identity and mission of Christ. Gold is one of the most precious and expensive metals, and this is for His kingship. Frankincense is a resin from a particular plant and is commonly used for religious ritual, and this is the symbol of His divinity and priesthood. Meanwhile, myrrh is a spice used in burial (see John 19:39), and this points to His death and human nature. St. Thomas Aquinas in his commentary on Matthew explained that these gifts served practical purposes. Gold is to support the Holy Family, who was poor. Myrrh may be used to warm the baby’s body, and frankincense to remove the stench.

Another interesting interpretation is that gold, myrrh, and frankincense are materials used in ancient alchemy and sorcery. Magi (from ‘magos’ and the root word of ‘magic’) were believed to be involved in magical activities, but when they discover Jesus, they decide to give up these things and find a new way in their lives. Thus, these gifts represent the conversion of the Magi to true faith.

However, I am personally inclined towards the simplest interpretation. The Magi offered these items because these gifts were the most precious things in their possessions. They offered the best they had to the true King. This is a fitting gesture of honoring a king as well as worshiping God. In the Bible, acts of worship involve offering the best we have to God. The Magi discovered the true God and worshipped Him. This transformed their lives and brought them joy and salvation.

The story of Epiphany tells us that the human race has a purpose, that is to find its God. We are extremely blessed because we have discovered our God. Yet, the question is: do we wish to worship Him? What will we offer to Him? Are we willing to give the most precious things in our lives? Do we desire our lives to be transformed? Until we offer our gold, myrrh, and frankincense, it is not yet a glorious ending.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Mary and her Motherhood

On By bayuopIn Christmas, EnglishLeave a comment

Solemnity of Mary, the Mother of God [A]
January 1, 2023
Luke 2:16-21

After eight days (octave) we ponder the mystery of our Savior’s birth, we turn our eyes to the woman who gave birth to the Savior. Therefore, exactly on January 1, we celebrate the solemnity of Mary, the Mother of God. It is once again an opportunity to clarify some misconceptions about this important dogma, as well as to deepen our understanding on her motherhood.

photocredit: Fra Angelicum

The title mother of God for Mary does not mean that she is a god-mother who created other deities. Neither she is a goddess-wife of God the Father. The Church always teaches that Mary is not a god, but a human being. To understand better, we look closely the word ‘mother’. A mother is someone who has a person in her womb and eventually give birth to that person. Mary had the second person of the Trinity in her womb, and in due course, gave birth to Him. Thus, as simple logical conclusion, Mary is the mother of Jesus, the Second Person of the Trinity. In short, Mary is the Mother of God.

However, being a mother is not only about getting pregnant and giving birth. A true mother is a woman who also raises, nourishes and educates her children. Mary did not stop when she gave birth to Jesus in Bethlehem. She did not leave Jesus on the manger and went away. She did not abandon baby Jesus to the Magi or to Herod’s army. With Joseph, Mary protected, nurtured and ‘made big’ Jesus. In fact, Mary was faithful to follow Jesus to His cross and tomb.

How did Mary perceive her identity as a mother? We recognize that when Mary received Jesus in her womb, she was entering extremely perilous situations. She could lose her life because people may stone her, or Herod’s soldiers may arrest and kill her. She endured the life of exile in Egypt, and had to contain with life of poverty. But, did she regret her decision?

The answer we can get from Mary’s song, ‘Magnificat’. “My soul magnifies the Lord, and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior… (Luk 1:46–47)” In Hebrew language, the term ‘my soul’ or ‘my spirit’ is another way to say ‘I’. Thus, Mary said, “I magnifies the Lord, and I rejoices in God my Savior.” Interesting to note is the word ‘magnify’ or literally ‘make big’. What does it mean ‘Mary makes big the Lord’? The Greek word is ‘μεγαλύνω (- megaluno)’ and it is related to Hebrew word ‘גָּדַל’ (- gadal) which means to become physically mature. Therefore, what Mary said is that she physically nourishes the Lord in her womb as well as to make sure the Lord grow into maturity. And in her role as a mother of the Lord, she rejoiced exceedingly.

Mary becomes an antithesis to modern toxic maternity. In our time, many separate sexualities with pro-creation, and even consider fertility as disease. Many see being a mother and having a child are unnecessary burden that must be avoided and disposed. Mary saw things the opposite way. Despite life-threatening situations, Mary accepted her motherhood as integral part of her identity as woman. She saw Jesus in her womb as great blessing, and her participation in God’s will. She knew well only when she fulfilled God’s plan, she found her true joy.

Happy Mothers’ Day!
And
Happy New Year!

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

To Name God

On By bayuopIn Advent, EnglishLeave a comment

4th Sunday of Advent [A]
December 18, 2022
Matthew 1:18-24

To name and to have a name is unique to human beings. To name someone or something is not just a sign of intellectual capacity, but it is also an exercise of authority. When you name someone, in certain way, the person is under your influence. When someone calls our names, immediately and automatically, our attention is drawn to the caller. Surely, we have the choice to set aside this call, but the closer that person to us, the harder it gets to ignore the call. When my mother calls me, my body instinctively moves towards her and listen to what she has to say. That’s how powerful my mother is!

photocredit: Jamie Street

The power of naming belongs primarily to God. In the story of creation, when God named something, it came to existence. When He said, ‘light’, the light came to being. Since God named all creations and brought them into existence, He has the absolute authority over all creatures. Yet, in His providence, God shared this power of naming to men and women. As the authority was shared to humans, they also possessed authority over other creatures.

However, this power is not absolute. Human persons cannot name something beyond them, like angels and surely, God Himself. Thus, to name God is one of the most elusive things in the Old Testament. The patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob have attempted to ask His name, but they failed. The closest one is Moses when he asked the name of the Lord in Sinai, and the Lord answered, “I am who I am” (Exo 3:14). It is like saying, ‘none of your business’. God Himself put as a second commandment, “You shall not take My name in vain.” (see Exo 20). Thus, when the Israelites read the Bible and discovered the holy name of God ‘יהוה’, they would prefer to pronounce ‘Adonai’ (my Lord) or ‘ha-Sem’ (the name). Even, the pronunciation ‘Yahweh’ is an interpretation.

However, as we begin the story of the New Testament, something unexpectedly happened. Joseph and Mary were given the authority to name not just any creature, not just any man, not just any baby. They were to name God-become-flesh, the Creator Himself. They shall name Him Jesus, because ‘He will save His people’. Indeed, the name Jesus is related to the Hebrew word, “יְשׁוּעָה” (roughly: yesuah), meaning ‘salvation or victory’.

The naming of Jesus becomes the breakthrough between God and humans. God does not only want men and women to participate in the work of creation and the authority over lower creatures, but God wishes that we take part in the work of salvation. The former is at the natural level, but the latter is supernatural. As God shared to Joseph and Mary the task to name Jesus, our salvation, so also, Jesus shared to His Church is to name the grace that brings redemption.

When a man and a woman promise fidelity and totality to each other in the name of the Lord, God himself binds them until death, and grace of holiness flows in their marriage and family. When a priest offers the mass, and says the words of consecration, the bread and the wine become the real body and blood of Jesus, and God is truly present among us (Emmanuel). When a priest pronounces the words of absolution, and the penitent is truly asking God’s mercy, the forgiveness of sin takes place. When parents bless their children in the name of the Lord, God’s blessing remains with the children.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Virtue of Patience and Advent

On By bayuopIn Advent, EnglishLeave a comment

3rd Sunday of Advent [C]
December 11, 2022
James 5:7-10

St. James advised us in this Advent Season, “Be patient, brothers and sisters,
until the coming of the Lord (Jam 5:7, second reading).” Why do we need to be patient, especially in this season? If we go back to the time of St. James, we will understand better this advice. During the early Church, there was a strong sense of Jesus’ second coming, and the same time, the Church was facing persecutions from different fronts, from the pagans and the Jews as well as internal conflicts. Thus, the Church’s members were truly eager to welcome the Savior’s second coming. Yet, He did not came as early as expected, and thus, some Christians became impatient and were complaining. Even some began to lose its faith. Here, St. James give his word: patient.

photocredit: Jon Tyson

The word used by St. James is ‘μακροθυμέω’ (makrothumeo). Interestingly, it is not adjective, but a verb. Patience is not simply passively waiting and receiving, but this virtue is proactive and dynamic. Often, we think that patience means that we cannot do anything, but endure our hardships. But, it is not always the case. While bearing our trials, patience empowers and transforms us into better persons, and even leads us to holiness.

St. James used the prophets of the Old Testament as his models. Many prophets prophesized the coming of Messiah, Jesus Christ, but they knew that this would not happen in their lives’ times. Even, many prophets were persecuted, even martyred. According to the traditions, Isaiah was sawed into two by evil king Manasseh, and while Jeremiah was murdered in Egypt. Yet, did they stop prophesying? No, they actively engaged in their missions until the end.

We are living two thousand years after the early Church and St. James, and our world has changed and been significantly different. However, the virtue of patience remains relevant and arguably, needed more than ever. We are living in the world filled with instant mechanisms, digitalization and automation. Surely, these are something good as to facilitate our lives. Yet, it also poses a danger to our mentality. As we are used to instant processes, we easily become impatient especially when we did not get the result we desire. We get disappointed, we get upset, and we complain. When our lives are full of complains, we become bitter and unhappy. Sometimes, prolonged bitterness will lead to mental problems.

Before I went to Rome for my study, I was serving the parish in Surabaya. Some young people came to me and began to share their problems. Surely, there were serious problems that required professional assistance, like medical doctor, psychiatrist or lawyer. However, in most of the cases, they were unhappy with their lives because they were impatience. I would invite them to see a bigger perspective in their lives, and count the blessings in their lives. Then, suddenly, they would realize their lives are full of blessings, and their problems were actually exaggerated. In one hand, we just do not have the endurance to bear the sufferings, and the on the other hand, we do not have the patience to articulate the blessings, to discover how God works in our lives.

To appreciate lives, we need patience. We have to spend time and energy with God in prayer, to read and reflect the Word of God, and to perform small yet consistent good works. We may not see the second coming of Jesus in this Advent, but with the virtue of patience, we will be able to see the coming of Jesus in our hearts every day.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Scriptures and the Advent

On By bayuopIn Advent, EnglishLeave a comment

2nd Sunday of Advent [A]
December 4, 2022
Matthew 3:1-12
Rome 15:4-9

For the second Sunday of Advent, the Church has chosen for us a text from St. Paul as our second reading. It is the last part of St. Paul’s letter to the Romans. In a simple sentence, Paul gave an essential purpose of the scriptures. He wrote, “For whatever was written previously was written for our instruction, that by endurance and by the encouragement of the scriptures we might have hope (Rom 15:4).” Let us unpack together this verse as we journey through the Advent season.

photocredit: Jonathan Sanchez

At the time of Paul, 27 books of New Testament as we know now has not yet come to existence. Thus, when Paul mentioned ‘scriptures’ or ‘what was written previously’, he was referring to the books of the Old Testament. These books were originally part of Hebrew Bible, but also accepted, used, and considered sacred by the early Church. Why so? This is because Jesus read, preached, and fulfilled these books. Jesus handed down these scriptures to the apostles and gave them the authority to teach them in His name. This is the reason that we do not throw away the books of the Old Testament, even though, they do not speak directly about Jesus Christ. Yet, it is also important that though we keep and read the Old Testament, we must read them not as a Jewish person, but as followers of Christ and the members of the Church.

Now, Paul explained two fundamental functions of the Scriptures: for instructions and encouragements. The first is instructions, and the Greek word here is ‘διδασκαλία’ (didaskalia), and its literal meaning is ‘teaching’. Thus, through the words of the Scriptures, God teaches us. When a teacher teaches his students, the aim is that the students may have wider and deeper knowledge. As we read and study the scriptures through the guidance of our shepherds, we know God better and deeper, who He is, what His plans for us, and what is His relationship to us.

The second is the encouragement. Paul believed that the words of the God in the scriptures do not only teach, but also encourage us. The original word used by Paul is ‘παράκλησις’ (paraklesis), and it has a range of meanings, but the basic meaning is something or someone that assists us in facing difficulty. Through the words of the Scriptures, God is supporting, encouraging, consoling us in time of trials. From here, we know one of the best things to do in troubled moments is reading and meditating the scriptures.

However, these two goals, instruction, and encouragement, are leading us into a bigger purpose: ‘hope in Christ’. Without hope, the Bible are simply object of research and studies, but it will not bring closer and more intimate friendship with Jesus. Without hope, the bible only contains an encouraging and sweet words, but it never makes us persevere and grow in trials.

The Advent season gives us time to listen to various texts of the Old Testament (both in Sunday and weekly readings) and how these readings are eventually fulfilled in the coming of Christ. And once again, I would like to invite all of us, to spend more time to listen to the words of God this Advent season as our spiritual practice. Aside reading from the Gospel of Matthew, I recommend reading the book of Isaiah for this advent Season.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Matius dan Injilnya

On By bayuopIn Advent, BahasaLeave a comment

Minggu Pertama Adven (A)
27 November 2022
Matius 24:37-44

Masa Adven menandai awal tahun liturgi Gereja. Kali ini, kita memasuki tahun Matius (tahun A) karena sebagian besar hari Minggu tahun ini, kita akan mendengarkan dan merenungkan bersama teks-teks dari Injil Matius. Sekarang, karena kita akan berziarah bersama dengan Matius, marilah kita mengenal sang penginjil ini dan Injilnya.

Asal-usul, komposisi dan kepengarangan Injil ini telah menjadi bahan diskusi dan perdebatan yang tak ada habisnya di antara para ahli kitab suci modern. Namun, tradisi panjang Gereja Katolik dengan tegas menyatakan bahwa rasul Matius adalah penulisnya, dan banyak saksi kuno, seperti Santo Irenaeus (sekitar tahun 130-200), Santo Klemens dari Aleksandria (sekitar tahun 150-215) dan Uskup Eusebius dari Kaisarea (sekitar tahun 260 – 340) bersaksi bahwa Matius memang penulisnya.

Karakteristik yang menarik dari Injil Matius adalah karakter Yahudinya. Dipercaya bahwa pembaca asli dari Injil Matius adalah orang-orang Kristen Yahudi mula-mula. Matius banyak mengutip dari Perjanjian Lama (sekitar 60 kutipan). Ia menempatkannya dari awal sampai akhir, dari ‘… mereka akan menyebut-Nya Imanuel’ (Mat 1:23, bdk. Yes 8:10), sampai ‘Eli, Eli lema sebachtani (Mat 27:46, bdk. Mzm 22:1)’. Tidak hanya dari Perjanjian Lama, Matius juga menggunakan tradisi Yahudi pada masa Yesus, seperti tradisi tentang ‘kursi Musa’ (Mat 23:2). Jelas, Matius ingin mengajarkan bahwa Yesus adalah penggenapan janji-janji Allah dalam Perjanjian Lama. Seorang filsuf dan teolog Katolik, Peter Kreeft, merangkum Injil Matius sebagai ‘Injil dari seorang Yahudi, untuk orang Yahudi tentang Mesias Yahudi’.

Namun, meskipun sangat Yahudi, Matius tetap teguh bahwa Yesus bukan hanya Juruselamat orang Yahudi saja, tetapi untuk semua orang. Hanya dalam Matius, kita memiliki kisah tentang orang-orang Majus, yang menjadi perwakilan bangsa-bangsa, yang datang dan menyembah bayi Yesus (Mat 2). Dalam Matius juga, Yesus memerintahkan para murid, “Karena itu pergilah, jadikanlah semua bangsa murid-Ku dan baptislah mereka dalam nama Bapa dan Putra dan Roh Kudus (Mat 28:19).” Dari Israel, untuk dunia.

Karakter lain dari Injil Matius adalah bahwa Injil Matius adalah Injil Gereja. Tentu saja, ketiga Injil lainnya juga untuk Gereja, namun hanya dalam Matius, kata ‘Gereja’ (ἐκκλησία) keluar dari mulut Yesus. Pertama, ketika Yesus akan mendirikan Gereja-Nya di atas Petrus (Mat 16:13-20) dan kedua, ketika Yesus mengajarkan koreksi persaudaraan di antara para anggota Gereja (Mat 18:17). Injil menjadi piagam dasar Gereja kita, Gereja yang didirikan Yesus. Tidak heran mengapa Injil Matius menjadi favorit banyak orang kudus.

Kembali ke kisah hidup Matius, kita tahu bahwa ia adalah seorang mantan pemungut cukai (Mat 9:9-13). Yesus memanggilnya dan ia bangkit, meninggalkan segala sesuatu, dan mengikuti Yesus. Namun, ia tidak benar-benar meninggalkan segalanya. Ia membawa serta kapasitas intelektual dan keahliannya sebagai pemungut cukai dan menggunakannya untuk menulis Injil dan membawa orang lebih dekat kepada Yesus.

Masa Adven mempersiapkan kita untuk kedatangan Yesus, dan undangan adalah apa yang akan kita persembahkan kepada Yesus ketika Dia datang. Jika Matius memberikan hidupnya dan keahliannya dalam menulis kepada Yesus, apa yang akan kita persembahkan kepada Yesus di Masa Adven ini?
Dalam masa Adven ini juga, saya mengundang Anda untuk membaca seluruh Injil Matius. Mari kita habiskan satu pasal untuk setiap hari di Masa ini, sebagai bagian dari latihan rohani kita.

Roma
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Matthew and His Gospel

On By bayuopIn Advent, EnglishLeave a comment

1st Sunday of Advent (A)
November 27, 2022
Matthew 24:37-44

The season of Advent marks the beginning of the Church’s liturgical year. This time, we enter the year of Matthew (year A) because on most Sundays of this year, we are going to listen and reflect together the texts from the gospel of Matthew. Now, since we will journey together with Matthew, let us be familiar with this evangelist and his gospel.

The origin, composition and authorship of this gospel have become a subject of endless speculation and debates among the modern scholars. However, the long tradition of the Catholic Church has firmly held that apostle Matthew is the author, and many ancient witnesses, like St. Irenaeus (c. 130 – 200), St. Clement of Alexandria (ca. 150-215) and Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea (c. 260 – c. 340) testified that Matthew is indeed the writer.

An interesting characteristic on Matthew’s Gospel is that its Jewish character. It is believed that the original readers of Matthew are the early Jewish Christians. Matthew quoted a lot from the Old Testament (around 60 times). He placed them from the beginning to the end, from ‘… they shall call Him Emmanuel.’ (Mat 1:23, cf. Isa 8:10), to ‘Eli, Eli lema sebachtani (Mat 27:46, cf. Ps. 22:1).’ Not only from Old Testament, but Matthew also used the Jewish traditions at the time of Jesus, like the tradition about Moses’ chair (Mat 23:2). Clearly, Matthew wished to teach that Jesus is the fulfillment of God’s promises in the Old Testament. As a Catholic philosopher and theologian, Peter Kreeft, summarizes the Gospel of Matthew as ‘A Gospel from a Jew, for the Jews about the Jewish Messiah.’

However, despite being very Jewish, Matthew remains firm that Jesus is not only the Savior of the Jews alone, but for everyone. Only in Matthew, we have the story of the Magi, the representatives of the nations that came and worshiped baby Jesus (Mat 2). In Matthew also, Jesus instructed the disciples, “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit (Mat 28:19).” It is from Israel, for the world.

Another character of Matthew is that it is the Gospel of the Church. Certainly, the other three gospels are also for the Church, yet only in Matthew, the word ‘Church’ (Ecclesia) comes from the mouth of Jesus. Firstly, it is when Jesus would establish His Church on Peter (Mat 16:13-20) and secondly, when Jesus taught fraternal correction among the members of the Church (Mat 18:15ff). The Gospel turns to be the foundation charter of our Church, the Church Jesus has founded. No wonder why this Gospel becomes favorite of many saints.

Going back to the life of Matthew, we know that he was a former tax collector. Jesus called him and he got up, left everything, and followed Jesus. Yet, he did not really leave everything. He brought along his intellectual and scribal capacity that he used as a tax collector and utilized it to write the Gospel and to bring people closer to Jesus.

The season of Advent prepares us for the coming of Jesus, and the invitation is what we shall offer to Jesus when he comes. If Matthew was giving his life and his skill in writing to Jesus, what shall we offer to Jesus in this Advent season?
In this Advent also, I am inviting you to read the entire gospel of Matthew. Let us spend one chapter for each day of this season, as part of our spiritual exercise.

Rome
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Is Jesus a king?

On By bayuopIn UncategorizedLeave a comment

Solemnity of Jesus Christ, the King of Universe
November 20, 2022 [C]
Luke 23:35-43

As we end our liturgical year, the Church is celebrating the solemnity of Jesus the King. Yet, the real question is what kind of king Jesus is? Is He like present day king of England or emperor of Japan, a head of state, a symbol of a nation, yet his power is limited by the constitutions? Is Jesus like ancient kings who wielded limitless power, and their words were laws of the country? So how do we understand the kingship of Jesus and how is it to be the citizen of Jesus’ kingdom?

To answer this, we need to go back to the time of Jesus and even to the Old Testament. In the Old Testament, there is a great king that becomes the model of all kings. His name is David. He was not only a formidable warrior, but also brilliant general who led Israel into many victories. He was a respected and popular leader who united the twelve tribes of Israel, even when he was still thirty (see 2 Sam 5:4). He made Jerusalem as both the political and religious capital of Israel. However, more importantly, he was a righteous king. As a king, he loved the Lord God, and lived according to His Laws. It is true that he abused his power, and committed several grave sins, but he repented and went back to the Lord.

Unfortunately, his successors did not follow his footsteps. They worshiped other gods and involved in various corrupted and immoral practices. Because of this, the kingdom of Israel was declining and eventually destroyed. Israelites were exiled, and many tribes were lost. However, God did not abandon His people, and promised through His prophets that a king like David will come (like in Isa 11, Mic 5 and many others).

Now, is Jesus the promised king like His forefather, David? Like David, Jesus came from the tribe of Judah. Like David, Jesus was born in Bethlehem. Like David who united the twelve tribes of Israel, Jesus chose twelve apostles to be ‘the judge of the tribes of Israel’ (see Luk 22:30). Like David who made Jerusalem as his capital, Jesus made Jerusalem as His destination. Yet, the differences are also glaring. Unlike David, Jesus was neither warrior nor general. Unlike David, Jesus practically held no political and economic power. Unlike David who sat on the majestic throne, Jesus was nailed to the cross.

On the cross, Jesus was more like a criminal, slave, and loser. He is the antithesis of all kings. Everyone around Him mocked him, as a useless savior, and impostor king. Yet, in this darkest moment, one of the criminals crucified with Jesus, by divine inspiration, recognized who Jesus was, and asked the single most important question in his life: “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom (Luk 23:42).” Then, Jesus promised him paradise.

This is Jesus. He is the king who gives the true paradise, not a paradise built by economic, political powers. Jesus may not free us from sufferings, but as king, He suffers with us. He is a king who does not give us weapons nor earthly benefits, but gives us a power to love radically and rebuild our broken world. He may not send hellfire to our enemies, but He gives the grace to forgive, and to transform our anger into peace.

If we, then, recognize Jesus as our king, it is naturally follows that we shall live according to His Laws as well as make Him as the primary model. Just the ancient Israel relied on David, so we shall depend on Jesus, our king. As earthly kings provide freedom to their people, we shall trust in Jesus, our victory.

Roma
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP