Second Sunday of Easter [A]
April 19, 2020
John 20:19-31
The second Sunday of Easter is also known as the Divine Mercy Sunday. The liturgical celebration of the Divine Mercy Sunday is declared in the year 2000 by Pope St. John Paul II who had a strong devotion to the Divine Mercy revealed to St. Faustina. Though the feast itself is something recent, the truth of divine mercy is fundamental in the Bible and Sacred Tradition. If there is one prevailing character of God, it is not other than mercy. In the Old Testament, there are at least two Hebrew words that can be translated as mercy. One is rāḥam and the other is ḥeṣedh.
The word Raham is closely related to a woman’s womb. It is the feeling and action that flow from the womb, the source and nurturer of new life. Mercy comes from the realization that we belong to the same womb, that we are siblings. Thus, when one of our brothers is suffering or struggling with a difficulty, we easily empathize with him and are moved to alleviate his hardship. Yet, mercy can be also understood as a maternal impulse towards someone who has come from her womb. It is the genuine yearning that moves a mother to do anything for her children. Mercy in this sense, I believe, is more proper to God. He cannot but be merciful and embrace our sufferings and even weakness because we are coming from God’s spiritual womb. No wonder, the Church dare asserts that we are God’s children.
The word “Hesedh” is also a powerful word and it may mean a steadfast love or a relentless fidelity to a covenant. Our God is a person who is unthinkably bold to tie Himself to a covenant with weak humans like Adam and his descendants. Because of this, the Bible is nothing but a story of a faithful God who gives Himself to unfaithful men and women. From Adam who failed to his duty to guard the garden, down to Peter who denied Jesus three times, humanity is terribly disloyal, but God remains faithful and offers His forgiveness to rebuild the shattered relationship.
The choice of the Second Sunday of Easter to be the Divine Mercy is an excellent decision because the Gospel speaks powerfully how God’s mercy operates. The risen Jesus appeared to the disciples and gave them the authority to forgive sins. This is the story of the institution of the sacrament of reconciliation. Forgiveness is the first and foremost manifestation of mercy. Though the authority to forgive belongs properly to God, the risen Christ has willed that this authority is shared with His apostles. Since the apostles are the first bishops, the same power is handed down to their successors. And the bishops shared this divine power and responsibility to their co-workers, the priests.
The Gospel begins with the disciples who were afraid. They were afraid for many reasons, but one of the strongest reasons was that they were afraid of Jesus. They have abandoned and been unfaithful to Him, and they heard that Jesus has risen. They thought that it was the time of judgment, time to get even. Yet, Jesus appeared and His first word is not a word of anger or judgment, but “peace” or “shalom”. The disciples should no longer be afraid and be at peace because despite their unfaithfulness because they have been forgiven.
The Easter season begins with the assurance that God is merciful and offering us the forgiveness we do not deserve. And this season invites us to forgive more because we are forgiven, to become the apostles of peace because we have received peace from Jesus.
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Today is the day of resurrection. Today is the day Jesus has conquered sin and death. Today is the day of our victory. No wonder among the liturgical celebration of the Church, Easter is the grandest, the longest and the most spectacular. It is the time that the churches are flooded with the faithful. It is the time that parishioners got involved in many activities, practices, and services. It is the time when families gather and celebrate. It is the time the priests receive more blessings!
If there is one thing that unites people from different nations, languages, and religions, that is the experience of suffering. With the ultra-fast spreading coronavirus, covid-19, people with different backgrounds, young and old, rich or poor, and noblemen or commoners, and laypeople or clergy fall in their knees and tremble. Indeed, this microscopic virus has shattered countless lives. People are dying, hospitals are overwhelmed, cities are isolated, families are separated, workers are jobless, governments are at loss, and churches are empty. Pope Francis notes that “we are just one the same boat”, and this boat is sinking. Suffering forces us to admit our human frailty and all that we are proud of, are a mere breath.
Today, we are celebrating the Palm Sunday of the Lord’s Passion. In many countries, today is a big celebration where people excitedly throng the Church. I remember when I was still studying in the Philippines, the faithful would pack almost all the 11 masses in our Church, Santo Domingo Church. It was a festive celebration as many people were carrying palm branches of a coconut tree.
Among the five human senses, the sense of touch is the most basic and foundation to other senses. The sense of sight needs to be in touch with the light spectrum. The sense of taste requires to be in contact with the chemical in the food. The sense of hearing must receive air vibration or sound waves. This sense makes us a human being, a bodily being. No wonder that many traumatic experiences [even mental problems] are rooted in the lack (or excess) of touch.
The Church has selected the story of Transfiguration as the reading of the second Sunday of Lent. We may ask how this kind of powerful story may fit into the entire season of Lent. The key is that the Transfiguration is fundamentally linked to the Cross of Jesus. In Luke’s version of the transfiguration, Jesus was talking to Moses and Elijah about His “exodus.” This reminds the ancient Israelites who exited Egypt, walked through the desert, and entered the Promised Land. Yet, the real end of the exodus is the city of Jerusalem, and eventually the holy Temple where God dwelled among His people. Just like the ancient Israelites, Jesus’ exodus has to end in Jerusalem.
At the heart of Jesus’ teaching in the Mount is the formation of the heart. However, the heart in the Bible is not limited to our affective side or emotions. It also stands for the center of intellectual capacity and freedom. The heart is the seat of life itself, and thus, represents who the man or woman is.
Jesus is accused of unfaithful to the Law of Moses and the traditions of the elders. He no longer requires His disciples to performs ceremonial washings and many traditions of the elders [Mat 15:2]. Jesus heals people even during the Sabbath [Mark 3:1-6]. Jesus declares that all food is clean [Mark 7:19]. The worst part is when Jesus commands His disciples to drink His blood [see Lev 17:14; Mat 26:27-28]. Is Jesus breaking and changing the Law of Moses?