Tag: English

The Story of the Elder Son

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4th Sunday of Lent [C]
March 27, 2022
Luke 15:1-3, 11-32

The parable of the prodigal is one of the most beautiful and heart-warming stories in the entire Bible. It is, in fact, the longest among Jesus’ parables and loaded with exciting details. While a great deal of the parable is given to the younger son, the story ends with the elder son. Many of us identify with the younger son. We used to live in the life of sin, far from God, and even become the enemies of God. Yet, we felt empty, and our lives go in the wrong direction. Then, going back to our senses, we repent and go back to the Lord. However, not a few identify themselves with the elder son.

Personally, I tend to be sympathetic to the elder son, perhaps because I am also the eldest in the family. I feel that the elder son’s anger is nothing but natural. I will be angry if my younger brothers ask for his inheritance and leave the family behind for a life of dissipation. I will be even more enraged when he suddenly comes back, and my parents will accept him as if nothing happens. At least, he must be disciplined and make reparations for what he has done. It is just and right!

Yet, after I go deeper into the story, I realize some critical details. The elder son is angry, and, in his wrath, he refuses to enter the home. Without realizing it, the elder son does what, the younger son did: leaving his house. Then, He says, “this son of yours!” He could have said, “Father, why do you treat my brother like this!” Without realizing it, the elder son does what the younger son did: distancing and disassociating himself from his father. Another interesting fact is that the elder son says, “I have been working like a slave for you.” Without realizing it, the elder son becomes what, the younger son has been: a slave.

Son though he is, he never considers himself as one, but rather a mere slave. We can see how the elder son only views his brother as another runaway slave and his father as an enslaver. A disobedient slave must be punished severely, and the loyal servant must be rewarded. Therefore, he is distraught. His paradigm is violated. He fails to see from his father’s perspective, and thus, he suffers.

From this story, we see a deeper meaning of metanoia or repentance. Metanoia [change of mind] does not simply mean turning from a life of sin to a life with God. It also means having the mind and heart of God. We are invited to think and act, no longer as slaves fearing punishment, but as mature children of God. Unfortunately, some of us are like the lost firstborn, who see ourselves as nothing more than servants, and we build our relationship with God based on fear, not love. We go to church because otherwise, we will go to hell. We serve because otherwise, we will be cursed. And we begin to see our neighbors as servants who have to follow the rules blindly; otherwise, they will be severely punished. Metanoia means no longer living in fear but as children of God living in love and freedom.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Holy Name of God

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3rd Sunday of Lent [C]

March 19, 2022

Exodus 3:1-15

One historic moment in the history of salvation is the revelation of God’s personal name. Moses was just a murderer and fugitive who could have spent his entire life as a shepherd in Midian. Yet, God has another plan for him. He manifested Himself as the burning fire, yet not consuming its surrounding bush. A marvellous sight indeed! Moses was curious, and God called him and introduced Himself as the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Moses recognized these names as his revered forefathers. Perhaps this was the first time Moses remembered the God of his forefathers after years.

Then, God called Moses for a mission. He was to lead His people free from slavery and bring them to the Promised Land. God had listened to the sufferings of His people and remembered the promise He made to Abraham. Before accepting God’s mission, Moses asked the name of God, and the reason was that the elders and the people of Israel seemed not to know His name. In the past, Jacob asked the name of God, but He refused. Yet, this time, God decided to reveal His sacred name. But why?

One of the reasons is that there were many gods in Eygpt, and to distinguish the true and one God from the false gods, His personal and unique name becomes necessary to be known. Another reason is that the people of Israel had lived in Egypt for so long, and they lived like the Egyptians, including worshipping the gods of the Egyptians. Thus, God had to reveal His name to make a clear break from the old habits and false idols. This was the only name worthy of all honour, glory and worship. So, Who is His name?

The first revelation is ‘I AM WHO AM’ or ‘I AM’ [Exo 3:14]. A strange name! Yet, this name reveals the deepest identity of God, who He is in Himself. The word ‘To BE’ here is the same word used in ‘Let there BE light’. This name of God unveils that God is the Eternal Existence Himself and the source of all other existences, both in the heavens and on the earth.

We own our existence to Him, and we cannot exist without Him. God is involved in our lives, not in incidental manners, like someone who helps us do our jobs or aids us in our daily needs. He is with us at the most fundamental level. He is ever active in supporting our very existence. Without Him, we are going back to nothingness. Thus, we are literally nothing without Him. The act of bringing us into reality and sustaining us is not other than the act of love. No wonder John, in his letter, declared that God is love.

Every time we call the name of God, we remember that we exist, live and breathe because of Him. Every moment of our lives is the concrete evidence of His love, and every moment of our lives is the perfect opportunity to offer thanksgiving.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

From Transfiguration to Calvary

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Second Sunday of Lent [C]
March 12, 2022
Luke 9:28b-36

Every second Sunday of Lent, the Church chooses the event of Transfiguration for our Gospel reading. During this moment, Jesus, together with three trusted disciples, went up to the mountain, and there, he was transfigured or changed appearance. He was radiating a divine glory, and His face turned to be a bright light. The two most outstanding persons in the Old Testament, Moses and Elijah, appeared and accompanied Jesus. He was manifesting His divine nature to the three disciples, and it was an overwhelmingly joyful moment. Simon did not want the experience to pass and offered to build tents there. The question is that why does the Church choose this reading for this season of Lent?

The answer lies on the topic that Moses, Elijah and Jesus were discussing: Jesus’ exodus. When we hear the word exodus, the first thing that comes to mind is that the Israelites under Moses escaped the slavery of Egypt. The Israelites passed through the Reed Sea, the desert from Egypt and eventually entered the Promised Land. Their final destination was the city of Jerusalem.
Then, why did Jesus speak about His exodus?
The reason is that Jesus is the new Israel, and as the old Israel passed through exodus, Jesus had to undergo His exodus. However, unlike the old Israel that started their exodus in Egypt, Jesus began His exodus in Jerusalem. Unlike the old Israel that was not faithful to God in the desert and worshipped idols, Jesus was obedient to His Father through suffering and death. Unlike the old Israel who entered the promised Land with many lost battles, Jesus rose from the death and won definitively against Satan and His kingdom. Unlike the old Israel who went up to the earthly city of Jerusalem, Jesus gloriously ascended to the heavenly Jerusalem.
After the event of Transfiguration, Jesus no longer stayed in Galilee but steadily moved toward the city of Jerusalem. This is why we have this reading for the season of Lent. As Jesus journeyed to His exodus in Jerusalem, we are also walking with Jesus in this season of Lent toward the Paschal Triduum: from the Mount of Transfiguration to the mount of Calvary.
The story of Transfiguration in the context of Lent gives us a precious lesson. Like Peter, we like to linger in the glorious moments of our lives. Yet, Jesus teaches that our real glory has to pass exodus. Our Egypt, our starting point, is none other than our old and sinful selves. Any moment of glory without dying to ourselves is fake, fickle and even addictive. It is undoubtedly not easy because we are craving for the feeling of pleasure, and when we get used to it, the harder it is to detach ourselves. Through the disciple of Lent, fasting, prayer and almsgiving, we are learning how to die to our desire to enjoy instant gratifications. When we can adequately order our worldly desires, the more our hearts desire for God, and the moment we are one with God, we find our true joy.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Beyond Ordinary Love

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7th Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
February 20, 2022
Luke 6:27-38

‘To love your enemies’ is considered the most difficult of Jesus’ teachings. It is not only extremely tough, but it is practically impossible. Our natural tendency and feelings are to hate those who hurt us and despise those who harm us. Especially when we are still hurting, we want to get even as soon as possible. We desire our enemies to feel our pains, and the more pain, the better. How is this teaching even possible?

photocredit: Jan Tyson

However, Jesus does not say, ‘like your enemies’, but ‘love them’. The Gospel even specifies that the Greek word for ‘love’ here is ‘agape’. This is a love based not primarily on emotions but free will and commitment. It may be impossible to change our adverse feelings toward someone who hurt us, but it remains possible to decide not to inflict injuries and even do something good for them. Thus, after He says, ‘love your enemies, Jesus further clarifies, ‘do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, and pray for those who abuse you.’ To do good, bless, and pray are not feelings of love but acts of love. St. Thomas Aquinas synthesizes this teaching of Jesus and defines love as ‘to will the good of others’

Yet, despite the truth about agape and our God-given ability to perform something against our natural inclination, loving our enemies is just a hard pill to swallow. Though we know the theories, we are also struggling to do it. Then, we are back at our original question: ‘why does Jesus teach something impossible?’

To answer this, we have to see a bigger picture. The teaching to love our enemies is not the only hard saying of Jesus. Through His ministries, Jesus teaches several teachings and commandments that seems unthinkable. Jesus declares that divorce is not the plan of God for man and woman. Jesus reveals that His body is real food and His blood is a real drink, and only by consuming His body and blood we can have eternal life. And, most of all, Jesus unveils the most profound mystery of God, the Trinity, and He Himself is the second person of the Trinity than became flesh. All of these are humanly impossible to do and to believe, but why does Jesus insist on teaching them?

The answer lies in the grace of God. Jesus understands that these are divine revelations, and relying only on human wisdom and strength, we are bound to fail. Thus, the Holy Spirit and His grace supply what is fundamentally lacking in us. Like we cannot believe in Jesus as our Lord unless moved by the Holy Spirit, we will not be able to love our enemies unless the same Holy Spirit empowers us. Jesus knows that His teachings are humanly impossible, but He also gives us the necessary grace to enable us to perform the impossible. Then, loving our enemies is indeed grace-filled love and supernatural love. If we are still finding it hard to love our enemies, perhaps, this is the time to rely more on God’s grace.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Woe to You

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6th Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
February 13, 2022
Luke 6:17, 20-26

Today’s Gospel presents us with the Beatitudes according to St. Luke. There is a fundamental similarity with Matthew’s version [see Mat 5:1-11], yet there are also some glaring differences between the two. One of the most apparent distinctions is the presence of ‘woes’ in Luke’s version. What is a ‘woe’ anyway?


In the context of the Bible, ‘woe’ is a cry of impending distress used by the prophet Israel [see Is 5:8–22; Amos 6:1; Hab 2:6–20]. The prophets called for repentance of Israel and return to the Lord God, yet if the Israelites remained stubborn, the woe should become a reality, and they would endure the terrible consequences. In the Gospel, Jesus practically did what His predecessors had done. Yet, there is also something new that Jesus introduced.


The prophets were pronouncing the woes to hardened people of Israel who truly did wicked things before the Lord. They worshipped other gods, abandoned the true God, and even worse, offered their children to these gods. They were also involved in sexual immorality and injustice to the weak and the poor. The Israelites were violating every single commandment in the Decalogue. In this context, God’s severe judgment was right and just. However, if we try to compare the prophets of the Old Testament and Jesus, we notice something remarkably odd.


Jesus’ woes were to those who are rich, filled with food, laughing, and praised. Jesus never said, ‘woe to you, idolaters!’ or ‘woe to you adulterers!’, but He pronounced judgment to those who are laughing. But why? Is it not to laugh is healthy? Is it genuinely evil to have money? Is it wrong to praise someone who deserves it? It seems that Jesus is a bit excessive when giving away His woes.
However, we must see entire things of Jesus’ saying. Jesus did not simply say ‘woe to you, rich people.’ The complete sentence is, ‘woe to you, who are rich, for you have received your consolation.’ Jesus emphasized the truth that the woe is for those who make wealth their consolation. Earthly goods, including wealth, are naturally good, but they always serve as means, not the end. The same with laughter and other bodily pleasures. These are good and natural to us human persons. In fact, laughter makes us uniquely human, as no other animals can do the same. Yet, again, if we prioritize our bodily pleasures and lose God in the process, everything will be for nothing.


It is also the same with praises and affirmation we receive. Parents’ honest appreciation will solidify our self-esteem as little kids, and genuine commendation will make us grow in confidence. Yet, if we are obsessed with getting praises and oblations, this may do more harm than good. The highest honors belong to God.


Like the prophets of old, Jesus sounded harsh teachings, but He is genuinely concerned with our salvation and happiness. Jesus tells us that if we fail to make God our end, blessing, especially earthly ones, can turn curses and woes. Jesus’ tough love constantly pulls us away from the eternal sadness.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Called

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5th Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
February 6, 2022
Luke 5:1-11

This Sunday, we listen to the vocation stories of three great persons in the Bible: Isaiah, Paul, and Peter. Indeed, they have their own unique stories with a different context. Isaiah had a vision of the heavenly Temple of God. Paul was making his journey towards Damascus. In contrast, Simon was doing his job as a fisherman. However, there is something common with the three of them.

photocredit: Jacquelin o Gara

Simon, Paul, and Isaiah admitted that they were sinners before God. The most obvious case is Paul, who used to be the persecutor of the Church. He was involved in many terrible sufferings of many Christians, and in fact, he saw the Lord in his mission to bind the Catholics in a chain in Damascus. Before the Lord, Isaiah claimed that he was a man of unclean lips and living among the people of the unclean lips. We are not entirely sure what ‘unclean lips’ means. It may refer to the sin of blasphemy that is insulting God’s name. Another possibility is the sin of untruthfulness. Isaiah and the Israelites were living in lies and dishonesty.

Meanwhile, Simon acknowledged before Jesus that he was a sinful man. Again, we are not sure what Simon’s sin was. He might be someone who possessed anger issues, which affected his life and others.

The response of Jesus to Simon’s admission of his sinfulness was not belittling his condition. Jesus never said, “It is fine. It is not a big deal!” Jesus recognized Simon’s human weakness and frailty. Perhaps, in His divine intellect, Jesus knew that Simon would eventually deny Him thrice and run away like a coward. Yet, Jesus still called Simon and said, “Do not be afraid; you will be catching men.”

God does not call Simon, Paul, and Isaiah because they are perfect and blameless men. God calls them despite their sinfulness and invites them to be part of His work. God makes Simon the fisher of men, Paul the greatest apostle to the nations, and Isaiah the great prophet of the Old Testament. Amazing things happen when we say ‘yes’ to God’s plan. They failed and faltered, and God will raise them again. If we say ‘no’ to God’s plan and our excuse is that we are sinful, weak, and incapable, that is false humility and, in fact, lack of faith. We do not trust God enough that He can transform us into a better version of ourselves. We doubt that God will equip us for the mission.

Yet, it is equally vital always to remember who we are: both weak and sinful as well as loved and called. We cannot be boastful if we succeed in our ministries because apart from God, we are nothing. Paul said in his letter that he is the most hardworking among all the apostles, but immediately he admitted that it was because of the grace of God [see 1 Cor 11:10]. Paul eventually concluded, “Whoever boasts should boast in the Lord [1 Cor 1:31].”

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Theophilus

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Third Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
January 23, 2022
Luke 1:1-4; 4:14-21

One unique thing to Luke is that he addressed his Gospel [and his Acts of the Apostles] to the most excellent Theophilus. Who is this Theophilus? We are not entirely sure, and this name has been a subject of debates and discussions for centuries. However, there are several things we may extract from the Gospel’s texts.

photocredit: Tim Wilsmith

The first thing is that he was honorably addressed as ‘the most excellent’ [in Greek, ‘kratiste’]. This is an honorific title for a high Roman government official or a high nobleman during those times. Thus, Theophilus was someone politically powerful and wealthy. But why did Luke have to mention this affluent man? Most probably, it is because Theophilus is the one who supported Luke in the effort of writing his Gospel and Acts. The production of writing in ancient times is an extremely costly undertaking. Unlike papers in our time, parchment [from the animal skins] and papyrus [imported from Egypt] were not cheap raw materials for writing. Quality ink was not easy to get as well. Sometimes, authors had to hire a professional scribe to write correctly on a papyrus. Luke also indicated that he researched reading earlier gospels [most probably Mark and Matthew] and interviewing the eyewitnesses [perhaps Blessed Virgin Mary]. These efforts could cost a fair amount of money as well. No wonder experts say that to produce one single copy of a gospel may cost more than 2,000 USD. Theophilus has been instrumental in the production of Luke’s Gospel.

The second information we have about him is that Theophilus was most probably a Christian or at least a Catechumen. Luke wrote the purpose of his Gospel is ‘so that you may know the truth concerning the things about which you have been instructed [Luk 1:4].’ The word ‘instructed’ in Greek is ‘katekeo,’ the root word of catechism and catechesis. Theophilus has received some sort of catechism or teaching concerning the Catholic faith, but he wanted to know more, especially the certainty of the foundation of his faith.

How did the Gospel of Luke impact Theophilus? We are never sure, but we are confident that the Gospel has influenced millions of people tremendously. One more interesting is that the name Theophilus means the friends of God [theos + philios]. This Gospel is not just addressed to the historical figure called Theophilus, but to all of us, who are friends and lovers of God. Thus, reading carefully and prayerfully this Gospel deepens our love and friendship with the Lord. Luke’s Gospel has been acclaimed as one of the most beautifully composed books. From the stories like the prodigal son and the lost sheep, we discover more about the unparalleled mercy of God to us. From Luke also, we got the heartwarming stories of Mary as the first and most faithful disciple.

We all are called to be a Theophilus. Someone who dares to spend our time, energy, and other resources to know the certainty of our faith. And from this certainty, we are invited into loving friendship with the Lord.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Secret of Happy Marriage

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2nd Sunday in Ordinary Time [C]
January 16, 2022
John 2:1-11

I was truly fortunate that I could visit Cana in Galilee just before the covid-19 pandemic. There, I had the opportunity to officiate the renewal of marriage vows of the couples who participated in the pilgrimage. One of them was my parents, and indeed, it was an awkward moment for me. Yet, I was full of gratitude as I recognized their faithfulness to one another through the thick and thin of marriage life, but most of all, I am grateful for God’s grace in their life.

photocredit: Mateus Compos

Our modern societies are marked by countless married couples facing complex problems and young people who do not see marriage as a fundamental part of their lives. Divorce becomes the new normal, and infidelity is rampant. Domestic violence colors our news outlets and social media. Couples refuse to have children or hand over their little children to babysitters. Some people even decline to commit to married life and consider marriage and family a burden and ‘prison.’ Some choose pets rather than raising a real human family.

Marriage and rearing children are not easy, but they are critical to our survival to our future as a human race. Yet, it is not only for us as species, but it is also God’s plan for us to participate in the fullness of life. If we look closely at the Bible, we will discover the central place of marriage within the Scriptures. The story of creation culminates with the man and the woman becoming one in a marriage covenant. The first miracle of Jesus took place within the context of marriage and for the sake of the married couples. The final book of the Bible, the Revelation, ends with the wedding feast of the Lamb.

How, then, do we counter these herculean problems that beset marriage? Indeed, there are many things we need to do, yet, there is one fundamental way we must not miss. The Gospel tells us that the lack of wine was averted because the couple invited Jesus and His mother. Mary noticed the looming serious problem and requested her Son to intervene. Jesus did His first miracle, and not only problem solved, but they got the best wine. All this happened even without the couple being aware of it.

This is a precious lesson from the Wedding of Cana. Have we invited Jesus and His mother into our marriage and family? Do we rely on God in our effort to raise our children? Do we bring one another closer to God? If we bring God into our marriage and family, I believe that God has done marvelous things even without noticing it.

Going back to the story, the steward praised the groom for the best wine that lasted to the end. When our marriages and families succeed through the storms of life, we are invited to recognize that the best wine is from the Lord. Happy marriages consist of grateful couples.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Meaning of Jesus’ Baptism

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The Baptism of the Lord [C]
January 9, 2022
Luke 3:15-16, 21-22

Jesus’ Baptism is the starting point of Jesus’ public ministry. This explains why the Church always opens the ordinary season of the liturgical years with the story of Jesus’ Baptism in the Jordan. However, the question that I often face is ‘Why did Jesus need to be baptized?” If Jesus is God and sinless, why did He has to undergo John’s Baptism of repentance?”

The Church answered this question a long time ago. The Catechism of the Catholic Church states, “The baptism of Jesus is on his part the acceptance and inauguration of his mission as God’s suffering Servant. He allows himself to be numbered among sinners; he is already “the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world”. Already he is anticipating the “baptism” of his bloody death… [CCC 536].”

To elaborate more on the Church’s teaching, Jesus’ Baptism shows His solidarity with us, sinners. Though He was not a sinner, He shared the lot of sinners. During the Incarnation, Jesus takes upon Himself our weak and limited human nature. Yet, it does not stop there. He also shares our suffering and death. Jesus’ Baptism in Jordan anticipates His true ‘baptism’ on the cross. Once again, this shows to us how God loves us to the end. When Jesus loves, He gives it all.

From here, we discover that why we are baptized is not because this is a long family tradition imposed upon us, but it is our participation in the Baptism and life of Christ. If Jesus’ Baptism is a sign of His solidarity with weak human beings, our Baptism is the sign of our unity with our brothers and sisters, especially those suffering. If Christ’s Baptism is anticipation of His Suffering and Death, our Baptism is our death to old life and selfishness. If Jesus’ Baptism is a sign of His sacrificial love, our Baptism shall propel us to love God and our neighbours totally.

Some of us got baptized when we were little children, and perhaps, we do not recall what happened. We do not get the feeling, and because of that, we want to repeat the whole process with more dramatic effects. Some wish to be submerged into a deep pool, and some want to be baptized in the Jordan River. Some only accept their Baptism as something good if they feel the sudden rush of the Holy Spirit. Yet, the sacrament of Baptism is not about our feelings; in fact, it is not about us. True Baptism makes us Christians, ‘little Christs’, and we are called to live like one. What matters is not how we feel about our Baptism, but how we live our Baptism.

The Church teaches us that sacramental Baptism is once and for all. When we are baptized, all our sins are forgiven, we are transformed into God’s children, and we become parts of Christ’s body, the Church. Baptism begins our salvation, but it does not end there. What is even more important is how we live our Baptism, how we participate in the life and mission of Christ, and how we love as Jesus loves.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

The Magi are We

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The Solemnity of the Epiphany [C]

January 2, 2022

Matthew 2:1-12

The season of Christmas reaches its culmination in the feast of Epiphany. Epiphany comes from a Greek word that means ‘to appear.’ Thus, the feast is celebrating the appearance of Jesus to the nations represented by the Magi. We are not sure who these Magi are, but the traditions have that they are wise men from the East, most probably from Persia or present-day Iran. The bible does not give us the exact number, let alone the names, but the tradition calls them Baltazar, Gaspar, and Melchior.

photocredit: Jonathan Meyer

If we try to go back to the beginning of Matthew, we will discover the genealogy of Jesus Christ. Matthew begins with Abraham, the patriarch of Israel, David, the greatest king of Israel, and Joseph, a simple yet righteous Jewish man. Matthew demonstrates to us that Jesus is the fulfillment of God’s promise to Abraham, David, and Israel. He is coming as the Jewish Messiah. A Catholic philosopher and theologian, Peter Kreeft, summarizes the Gospel of Matthew as ‘A Gospel from a Jew, for the Jews about the Jewish Messiah.’

Yet, the same evangelist presents us with a large picture. Though Jesus was coming from the line of David and raised as a Jewish man as a devout Israelite family, Jesus was not an ‘exclusivist’ Messiah. Jesus is the Anointed One of the Jewish people only, but He is the Savior for all the world. This identity is manifested in the visit of the Magi.

The three Magi are not Israelites, and in fact, they might worship other gods. Yet, they knew that deep inside, something is still missing. In their human wisdom, they keep on searching for the truth that will satisfy their deepest longing. Their research and investigation prompt them to look for a newborn king. When they finally see the baby Jesus, they prostrate themselves in the act of adoration and worship and acknowledge that this baby is not just an ordinary king of a small nation in the Middle East. He is the king of kings.

We are the Magi. Most of us are not Jewish people, let alone coming from the line of David, but we are looking for something or someone that will fill our deepest desire. However, we are much fortunate than the Magi. They need to learn and gain wisdom through the years, and sometimes, they stumble into errors because of human weakness. God gives a much clearer direction toward truth and salvation by becoming a man. He is the way, the truth, and the life [John 14:6]. His word is a lamp to our feet and a light unto our path [Psa 119:105]. His body is real food, and His blood is real drink, and we who partake in Him shall have life [John 6:51-57].

Compared to the Magi, with Jesus and His Church, we have a highway to true blessedness. Now, the real question is whether we are humble enough like the Magi to acknowledge that we need God and commit ourselves to walk in His way?

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP