Tag: English

Not a Perfect Family

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Feast of the Holy Family – December 29, 2019 – Matthew 2:13-23

If we were given the choice to choose our parents, what kind of parents would we like to have? Perhaps, some of us want to have rich parents. Some of us may desire to have beautiful or genius parents. Some of us may wish to be born in a royal and politically influential family. These are our usual dreams. Yet, surprisingly, these are not the options that God made when He chose His parents. In His beautiful wisdom, God selected Mary and Joseph of Nazareth.

Joseph was a descendant of acclaimed King David, but the Davidic Kingdom was the only thing of the past in the time of Joseph. He was also a carpenter and despite hardworking, this profession just gave enough to survive. Mary was an ordinary young woman from an unknown village called Nazareth. Joseph and Mary were simple if not poor people living within the time where most Israelites were suffering from the oppression of the Roman empire. In the eyes of the world, this couple was nothing.

However, our God is the God of surprises, and He has a hobby to upset “the established world’s order.” For God, the crucial criteria to be His parents are not wealth, popularity, or noble line. God has no need of these things. So, what is the basis of His choice?

The fundamental criterium is faith in God. Joseph and Mary possessed nothing of this world, but both are the man and woman of faith, or the man and woman of God. Joseph was called as the “righteous man,” meaning he was a man who knew the Torah by heart and obeyed them faithfully. Joseph loved God and His laws. Moreover, when Gabriel appeared to Joseph and revealed the plan of God, Joseph immediately got up and followed Angel’s instruction without any question asked. Mary did basically the same thing. When Gabriel told her about God’s plan that she would be the mother of God, Mary did not understand, but she did not simply give her nod, but she accepted God’s design as her own. Joseph and Mary knew well that the moment they participated in God’s way, they had to surrender their own plans, dreams, and hopes. Their lives were practically thrown into the unknown. Yet, their faith is bigger than their fear or pride, and they believed that God’s way is always the best way. These are the kind of parents whom God chose.

Like Joseph and Mary, I do believe that the first attitude that any parents have is faith in God. Every child is a gift, yet this gift will challenge and change the parents who receive them. As a child enters the life of their parents, husband and wife shall also enter the life of sacrifice. Sometimes, I am sudden by the decision of some Catholic couples who refuse to have children. We understand that it is difficult to raise children, but our refusal to accept a gift from God might point to our lack of faith, even to our selfishness, our obsessiveness to our plans, career, and ambitions.

God does not need a perfect couple to raise His Son, He rather chooses a man and woman of faith.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Joseph, the Man of Faith

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Fourth Sunday of Advent [A] – December 21, 2019 – Matthew 1:18-24

Let-Mom-Rest(1)A few days ago, a nativity scene went viral. The image is called “Let Mom Rest”. The prominent character of this scene is that Joseph is taking care of the baby Jesus while Mary is resting. This image presents to us untouched yet powerful aspects of Jesus’ birth and thus, Christmas. Often, we focus our attention on Jesus with Mary, His mother. We honor Mary because of her willingness to carry Jesus on her womb despite so many dangers and difficulties and to remain a faithful disciple of Jesus till the end. However, the image brings us to another important character that we often overlook, St. Joseph, as the man of faith.

If God has chosen and prepared the most fitting woman in human history to become the mother of His Son, the same logic governs also the choice of the foster father of Jesus. The most suitable man is chosen for this massive yet wonderful task.

Unfortunately, we do not know much about Joseph. Matthew only gave us very little information, but from this little knowledge, we can extract some important truths. Firstly, Joseph is from the house of David. This means that any child that he begets or accepts legally shall be part of the house of David as well. Joseph is the link that connects between Jesus and David, and thus, Jesus’ birth shall fulfill the prophecy that the Messiah shall come from the line of David.

Secondly, he is a carpenter, and being a carpenter is not a promising job to survive first-century Palestine. Yet, Joseph well knows that hard-work, precision, and perfection are parts of his trade. A tough life is nothing but a daily routine for Joseph. God knows to raise His Son will require a tremendous amount of sacrifice, and Joseph, the carpenter, is up to the challenge.

To accept and to raise a child who is not his own, is certainly a tough call, but Joseph obeyed the will of God that has been expressed in his dream, “Do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife.” Yet, more than that, Joseph made sure that this mission would be brought to completion. From the image of “Let Mom Rest”, it seems that Mary just gave birth to Jesus and giving birth is certainly a draining and tough process. Mary was exhausted. Joseph takes over the responsibility to care for the baby Jesus, while Mary received her most-needed rest. This is just one small concrete example of who Joseph exercised the God-given mission to raise the Child of God. Certainly, his duty is not only manifested in that event. He protected Mary and her Child from dangers, especially from the threat from Herod the Great who would kill Jesus. For the rest of his life, Joseph would work hard to provide, educate and raise Jesus as a man who is ready to give His life for all.

Like Mary, Joseph did not understand also why he had to be a father who someone else’s child, why he had to put his life and future on the line for a son who is not his own? Yet, like Mary, Joseph had faith and accepted the will of God in his life. Not only simply accepting God’s will, but he also made sure that he gave his best and made God’s plan come to fulfillment.

We often do not understand why God’s plan for us. We do know where God will bring us. Yet, like Mary and Joseph, we are called to be the men and women of faith, to receive God’s plan as our own and bring His will into fruitful completion.

 Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Gaudete!

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Third Sunday of Advent [A] – December 15, 2019 – Matthew 11:2-11

gaudete sunday - benedictToday, we are going to see something different in the Church. Yes, the priests are not wearing a purple vestment, but a rose liturgical vestment. It is not because the priests are mistaken or want to make a fashion statement. It is because we are entering the third Sunday of Advent, also known as, the Gaudete Sunday. “Gaudete” is a Latin word meaning “rejoice!”. This color also symbolizes the joyful atmosphere. But, why do we need to celebrate Gaudete Sunday?

The first reading from Isaiah [33:1-6] speaks about the joy of all creations when the Lord comes. Not only men but all natures, animals, plants, even rivers, will rejoice before the Lord. While it is true that Advent is a season of expectation and preparation for the coming of the Lord, Gaudete Sunday does not break the general mood of Advent, but rather it gives us the right direction.

When we are waiting for something, there are two reactions. The first one is to complain and to be disappointed. it is like when we are ready to board the airplane, and suddenly the crew announces that there is a delay. We need to wait, and we wait in annoyance. We get disappointed because we are impatient and expecting things to happen according to our plans.

From today’s Gospel, John was in prison, and he knew that his time was short. As the one who prepared for the coming of Messiah, John knew that Jesus was the Christ, but Jesus seemed not to behave like a Messiah John expected. He was waiting for someone brought divine judgment, but Jesus was rather different. Jesus then had to explain what kind of Messiah He is: One who brings mercy, love and joy to world. From here, we discovered that John’s personal expectation hinders him to see that the One he has expected has come.

Sometimes, we wait for an answer to our prayers, but after all the novenas, all the rosaries, all the way of the cross, and all the masses, we do not get the answer. Sometimes, we are expecting that our lives will get better, but the things are getting worse. Sometimes, we are hoping for healing and fast recovery someone we love, but things just do not go the way we want it. The more we expect, the more we get disappointed.

To counter this, we come to the second response in waiting. We can also wait in joy. It is like a mother who is expecting her baby. It is certainly a period of waiting, but the mother was anticipating it with joy. Like an expectant mother, we can wait for the Lord in joy, and like the pregnant woman, the key to joyful expectation is when we are aware that we are waiting something or something we love, and one who we expect has actually come.

I do believe that God always answers our prayers, but the problem is that we do not want to listen to His answers. When we pray, we often pray that our will be done, and not His will be done. This is the reason why we fail to see God and His abundant blessings around us. Indeed, in this Advent season, we are preparing for the coming of Jesus, but this season also we rejoice because Jesus has come in His unexpected and surprising ways. We cannot be grateful and joyful when we are able to see Jesus comes in our daily lives.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Like John the Baptist

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2nd Sunday of Advent [A] – [December 8, 2019] – Matthew 3:1-12

john-the-baptist-mafaJohn the Baptist is a prominent figure in four Gospels, and he powerfully appears before Jesus begins His public ministry. But, who is this John the Baptist? His name is simply John, and the Church calls him the Baptist to distinguish him from other John in the Bible like John the son of Zebedee, one of Jesus’ disciples. John the Baptist is the miracle son of Zacharia and Elizabeth in their old days. And since Elizabeth and Mary, the mother of Jesus, are relatives, John and Jesus are closely related to each other.

Certainly, there is something strange about this John. He is eating locust and honey. Surely, it is an exotic food, but we need to remember he is living in the desert, and this kind of food is common. He is wearing clothing made of camel’s hair and a leather belt around his waist. It is just a fashion statement or he has nothing to wear. John’s clothing reminds us of the things Prophet Elijah wore in his time [see 1 Kings 1:8]. John is presenting himself as a prophet, and not any prophet, he is the new Elijah. The appearance of Elijah is an important sign of the imminent coming of the Messiah [Mal 4:5].

One thing for sure about John is that he becomes very popular, and people from all over the country come to him, to listen to his preaching and to be baptized as a sign of repentance. Yet, despite the great number of followers, he remains true to his mission. He is preaching on the coming of someone who is much greater than him, even he declares that “is unworthy to carry His sandals.” He is God’s instrument in fulfilling the prophecy, and he has a specific role to play.

Now, we know a little background about John the Baptist, what will be next for us? Certainly, we are not called to follow him in wearing clothing made of camel’s hair or to eat locust everyday, but we are to prepare the way for the coming of the Savior. How? Some of us are called literally to baptize people like myself. Some are commissioned to preach and educate people. Yet, all of us is to live a life of repentance. The repentance has to be alive and penetrating all aspects of life. The word used by John in Greek is “metanoiete” and it does not simply mean “repent!” but more precisely, “keep repenting!”

The first stage of repentance is certainly turning away from a sinful life, but it is more than that. Repentance is not about one-done-deal action, but a life-long process. The word “Metanoia” is coming from two words, “meta” meaning “changing” and “nous” meaning “mind”; Thus, “metanoia” means changing of mind, changing the way we see life and the way we live. Our mind is no longer earth-bond, but fixed into God. The transformation is not from sinful life to a good life, but a life that is even closer to God. It implies changing of priority. Do we make God our priority? It entails holiness. Do we do things that are pleasing to God? This presupposes the love of God. Do we love God more than other things, or do we love other things more than Him?

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Advent Mission: Be Holy!

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First Sunday Advent [A] –  December 1, 2019 – Matthew 24:37-44

Advent coming of the saviorWe are entering the season of Advent. This time marks the beginning of the new liturgical year of the Church. The season itself is a preparation for us to welcome the Christmas, the coming of Jesus Christ. The word Advent is coming from the Latin word “Adventus” that simply means “arrival.” The dominant liturgical color will be purple that signifies hope and joyful expectation of the coming of our Savior.

The Church has always taught that there are two comings of Jesus. The first coming was two thousand years ago in Bethlehem, when Jesus was born into the simple family of Joseph and Mary. The second coming will be at the end of time, and nobody knows when it will be. It is the secret of God, and anybody who attempts to predict it is bound to fail.

Particularly, the first Sunday of Advent focuses on the second coming of Jesus. From the reading, we can extract at least two characteristics of this coming. Firstly, there will be judgment and the segregation between the good and the evil. Secondly, the coming will be utterly unexpected like the day of Great Flood in the time of Noah and his family or like a thief at the night. Since there will be a judgment based on our life as well as the unpredictable timing, we are expected to be always ready by persevering doing good.

The purpose of Advent is truly to remind us that God will definitely come, and we are prepared for that coming. How are we going to prepare for Jesus’ coming then?

The answer is unbelievably simple: be holy and keep holy. Surely, it is easier said than done, yet we can learn from the saints (they are called “saints” precisely because they have lived a holy life). Yet, again some of us may say that is just tough to be a saint, and it is almost impossible to be like John Paul II who was the holy Pope, or to be like Mother Teresa of Calcutta who spent her life in slump of India and tirelessly the poor, or like St. Stephen who was stoned to death for preaching Jesus. Indeed, it seems to be unsurmountable if we focus on the greatness of these saints, but truthfully, there are a lot of saints who are living simple lives.

St. Therese of the Child Jesus who spent her quiet and simple life inside a convent once wrote, “Miss no single opportunity of making some small sacrifice, here by a smiling look, thereby a kindly word; always doing the smallest right and doing it all for love.” They are many things we can offer sacrifice in our daily life, like our addiction to cellphone, our obsession to be workaholic, our time for our hobbies, and our tendency to complain. While St. Martin de Porres, a Dominican brother, who spent his life cleaning the convent and serving the poor, shows us that the path of holiness is not always grand, “Everything, even sweeping, scraping vegetables, weeding a garden and waiting on the sick could be a prayer, if it was offered to God.”

The way to prepare Jesus’ second coming is by being holy, and living a holy life can be done in doing ordinary things in love and for God.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Jesus the King

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Solemnity of Christ the King – November 24, 2019 – Luke 23:35-43

crossOften we take for granted the name Jesus Christ, without realizing the meaning behind it. The word “Christ” is neither part of the personal name of Jesus nor the family name of Jesus. Jesus earns the name Christ not because of His foster father, Joseph, otherwise, we also call him Joseph Christ and his wife, Mary Christ.

Christ is coming from the Greek word “Christos” meaning “the anointed one”. In Hebrew, the title is even more pronounced, “the Messiah”. For us, the title does not ring us a bell, but for the Jewish people living in the time of Jesus, the Messiah is the fulfillment of God’s promise. In the Old Testament, the title Messiah was given to one of the greatest figures in Israel, King David. He was the Christ because he was anointed by Prophet Samuel, and he was personally chosen by God Himself to rule Israel. During his reign, the kingdom of Israel reached the pick of glory.

Unfortunately, after David’s death, the kingdom was declining and eventually destroyed. In the time of Jesus, almost one millennium after David, Palestine was under the Roman Empire, and lives were awful. No wonder, people were expecting the coming of the Messiah, the new king, that would restore the glory of Israel.

We believe that Jesus is Christ, meaning we believe that Jesus is the expected a king that will fulfill God’s promise. Yet, in today’s Gospel, we discover that Jesus was crucified. He had no army, except disbanded and coward disciples. He had not a palace except a small and poor house in Nazareth. He was insulted, spat upon, and tortured. He bore the greatest human humiliation. Even the criminal who was punished together with Him, mocked Jesus as a good-for-nothing king.

If we focus only on this cross and humiliation, we shall fail to see Jesus as king. For Jesus, being a king is not about gold, guns, and glory. It is neither about force nor control. Jesus is not a war-freak Messiah. So, what does it mean to be a King for Jesus?

 When one of the repented criminals asked Jesus to remember him when Jesus comes into His Kingdom, Jesus said that he would be in Paradise. The word Paradise is a Greek word for “garden”, it originally refers to the garden of Eden. That is what Jesus does as a king: He brings men and women who acknowledge Him as a king to Paradise. And no other kings in the world possess such power to bring us to paradise.

If then we confess that Jesus is the Christ, and now we understand that Jesus is our King, do we honor Him as our King? If Jesus is our King, do we allow Jesus to control us or we control Jesus? If Jesus is our leader, do we align our lives and priorities to His missions, or Jesus has to follow us? When our King summons us for a mission, do we gladly embrace it, or we rather choose our own plans and design?

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

God’s House

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33rd Sunday in Ordinary Time – November 17, 2019 – Luke 21:5-9

Cathedral of Notre-Dame of Paris fire aftermath, France - 16 Apr 2019During the reign of Herod the Great, the Temple of Jerusalem was refurbished, adorned by gold and other precious metals, and expanded, and thus making it the crown jewel of the Jewish nation. However, the Temple was not merely a magnificent building, but primarily the center of Jewish religious worship and religion. Every morning and evening, sacrifices were offered, and every year, Jewish men from all over the world made their pilgrimage, and paid their homage the Lord God. It was the place where God chose to stay, the place where the Israelites meet their God, and the house of God.

Looking at the majestic view of the Temple and its religious significance, many would believe that the Temple would last forever because God Himself would defend His house. Yet, Jesus prophesied against the sentiment of the Israelites and told His disciples that this beautiful Temple would be destroyed. Surely, Jesus’ words offended the religious sensitivity of His time and one of the accusations against Him was precisely because Jesus spoke against the Temple, against God Himself. Yet, 40 years later, in 70 AD, the Romans under General Titus, burned the Temple and razed the city to the ground.

Jesus’ prophesy opens us to the profound truth that even God allows His house on earth to be destroyed. Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (now Istanbul) was the grandest church in the 4th and 5th centuries and considered to be an architectural and engineering marvel. Yet, when Constantinople fell to the Turks, the church stopped functioning as a Christian worship place. In our time, the Cathedral of Notre Dame was an iconic Gothic building at the heart of Paris. Yet, on April 15, 2019, the fire destroyed many parts of this holy building. Just this month, some churches in Chile became the target of violent demonstrators. They forcefully entered the churches, took out the pews and other religious images, and burnt them outside the churches, not to mention, the desecration of the tabernacles. The houses of God have been the object of vandalism, violent anger, and untold destruction, and God allows those to take place in our midst. But why? Is God weak enough to stop these from happening? Does God not care? Has God forsaken us?

The Churches as the house of God symbolize the inner sanctuary of our faith. An attack on the Church means an attack on our cherished faith. If God allows His house to be humiliated, so God also allows our faith to be challenged, shocked, and shaken. God allows trials to batter our lives, doubts to question our faith, and darkness to envelop our vision. But why?

When the fire that burned the Church of Notre Dame was extinguished, many things have been lost, but at the center of the Church, one image survived the blazing fire: the huge cross stood still. God allows His houses destroyed, and our faith was shaken to show us what truly matters in life and our journey of faith. It is God and God alone. It is not so much the monuments we build for Him nor the works and mission for Him, even our talents, charism and fruits of prayers. These are surely important, but these easily vanish. Only one remains God alone. God allows us to be shaken so we may find Him again, surprisingly more alive and ever closer.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Like Angels

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32nd Sunday in Ordinary Time – November 10, 2019 – Luke 20:27-38

In today’s Gospel, the Sadducees attempt to test Jesus. Sadducees are a religious faction in first-century Judaism, but unlike the popular Pharisees, they only hold Torah as the only valid source of Jewish religious teachings and practices, and refuse the writings of the prophets, the wisdom books, and later traditions. One of their main doctrines is that they do not believe in the resurrection of the body. Jesus and the Pharisees though always in debate, share in a common fundamental belief in the bodily resurrection. Thus, to ridicule this kind of belief, the Sadducees are using the practice of the levirate marriage. In the Law of Moses, there is a practice to secure the bloodline and inheritance of a man who does not have any offspring. As a solution, the brothers or relatives of the deceased man will marry the widow and produce offspring on his behalf. Then, the Sadducees move to checkmate position. “In the resurrection, whose husband, this woman be?”

However, the Sadducees forget that nobody could win against Jesus in a debate. Jesus thoroughly destroys their plot by revealing what will happen in heaven: we will be like the angels. Who are these angels? Angel or “angelos” in Greek means the messenger. This points to their function, but their true nature is spirit. As a spirit, they have no physical body, and because of this, they are no longer bonded into the limitations of the body. They have no sexual desire or any desire, and therefore, they are not multiplying like humans. What attracts spirit is only a spiritual thing, and since God is the most perfect spirit [John 4:24], only God can give them perfection.

To be like angels in heaven is our destiny. One day, Mother Angelica, the founder of EWTN, talked with two men who had many titles behind their names, and they are proud of those achievements. Yet, during the conversation, they were amazed by Mother Angelica’s wisdom and serenity. She reminded them that the most important title is not what placed behind their names, but one put before their names, and this only has two letters: St. or Saint.

Our journey in this earth only makes sense if we are marching toward a destination beyond this world, and Jesus has pointed out to us that this goal is something spiritual, life like angels. Thus, it is important for us to examine our lives whether we are preparing ourselves every day to life like angels, or we keep ourselves busy with this earthly life. How we are going to prepare ourselves? We give more time to the spiritual things as well as spiritual aspects of our lives. Do we pray enough? Do we worship God often? Do we consult the Holy Spirit in our decision in our lives? Do we read Bible regularly? Do we spend quality time with Jesus? Do we help and love others sincerely?

It is important to remember that our God is the God of the living, thus our lives continue even beyond death. Thus, the kind of life we live here on earth will simply continue to the next life. If we live like an angel in heaven even now in earth, we will not have problem to adjust in the next life. Heaven starts here and now.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Zacchaeus the Tax Collector

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31st Sunday in Ordinary Time [C] – November 3, 2019 – Luke 19:1-10

zacchaeus 1In the time of Jesus, there are at least two kinds of taxes. The first tax goes to the Temple of Jerusalem. This is a “sacred tax”. Those who collect them are performing a sacred duty, and those who pay are fulfilling their due to God. Yet, the second tax is exacted by the Roman government. In order to effectively get the taxes, the Romans employs the local collaborators. The Jews are heavily burdened by this tax because they are unjustly hefty, and often collected by coercion. The Jews understandably loathe those Jewish tax collectors who willingly betray their own people and are involved in greedy malpractices. These are the worst sinners, unclean, corrupt and traitors.

Certainly, Joseph, Mary and Jesus as a poor family, are having a difficult time to pay taxes themselves, and perhaps, fall victims to greedy tax collectors. However, despite this bitter reality, Jesus has a different attitude towards tax collectors. He is known to be the friends of tax collectors and sinners [Mat 11:19]. He shares his table with tax collectors [Luk 5:30]. He presents the tax collector as the protagonist in his parable, while the Pharisee as the bad guy [Luk 18:9ff]. One of His disciples, Matthew, is used to be a tax collector before he leaves everything and follows Jesus.

Today, we listen to the story of Zacchaeus, not ordinary tax collector, but the chief. Despite his high position and richness, he is a small stature. Thus, people look down on him both in a physical and religious sense. Yet, Jesus does something remarkable: He takes the initiative to look upon Zacchaeus who climbs the sycamore tree, calls him by name, and gets Himself invited to Zacchaeus’ house. This is unthinkable: the God-man calls and enters the house of the number-one public enemy in town. We notice that Jesus does not perform any earth-shattering miracles, but Jesus’ simple and loving gesture touches deeply Zacchaeus’ heart. Right there and then, he repents and ready to repair the damages he causes. Jesus declares, “Today salvation has come to this house (Lk. 19:2).”

What Jesus does deeply disturb the minds of orthodox Jews who prefer to distance themselves from the sinners, to avoid the contamination. Thus, they jeer at Jesus. Yet, Jesus takes the opposite direction: to enter the house and share a table even with the worst kind of sinners, chief tax collector, for one reason: “For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save what was lost.” (Lk. 19:10).

The Gospel offers us two attitudes towards our brothers and sisters who are struggling in their lives. We can choose whether like the crowd, to distance ourselves, and let them rot in hell, and even discourage any effort to embrace them, or like Jesus to takes the initiative to help them, even with simple gestures. It is true that when we open ourselves, there is no guarantee that our effort will be successful, and sometimes, we will get betrayed and hurt. Mother Teresa of Calcutta took care hundreds of homeless, but some of them turned against her and threw nasty gossips, and yet Mother Teresa continued to serve till the end of her life. Jesus has made His choice, so also many of His followers, now the choice is ours to make.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

External and Internal

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30th Sunday in Ordinary Time [October 27, 2019] Luke 18:9-14

pharisee n tax collectorIn Jesus’ time, they were several Jewish religious groups and one of them is the Pharisees. These are the people who love the Lord and devoutly observe the Law of Moses and the traditions of the elders even in their daily lives. Thus, Jewish people regard them as righteous because they are faithful to the Law, and pious because they pray often. Many Pharisees turn to be the caretakers of the local synagogues and zealously teach the Law during Sabbath days. No wonders, the Jewish people offer the Pharisees the best places in the worship places and the parties. The leaders are called the Rabbis or teachers.

In contrast, we have tax collectors. This is the profession that most Jews hate at least for two reasons. Firstly, tax collectors tend to corrupt by demanding more than what is due. Secondly, the tax collectors work for the Roman Empire, a gentile and oppressive nation. This makes them both sinners and unclean.

When Jesus presents these two characters in His parable, His Jewish listeners immediately see that the Pharisee is the good guy and the tax collector is the bad guy. The Temple of Jerusalem consists of several courts, from the Holy of Holies going out to the court of the Gentiles. The Pharisee as a devout and clean Israelite will pray at the inner court of the Temple, closer to the sanctuary. While the tax collector is standing perhaps at the court of the Gentiles, where the unclean people and sinners are allowed to get closer.

However, Jesus once again twists the minds of His listeners. The tax collector comes up as the hero of the story, as God hears his prayers and accepts his sincere repentance.

Before God, we are judged not so much by external appearance and social standing, but primarily by internal disposition, by faith. The Pharisee is full of himself and doing nothing but praying to himself [see verse 11]. How can a person pray to himself? He boastfully compares himself with others and puts down others. This is not a prayer, but rather a litany of self-praise. But, the tax collector in all humility recognizes himself as a sinner and asks nothing but God’s mercy.

Appearances and social standing do not guarantee our holiness, and this has a massive implication in our daily lives. We cannot simply judge that a priest who celebrates the mass, who stands on the sanctuary, is holier than an ordinary man who prays at last pew of the Church. We cannot judge a woman who visits the adoration chapel and recite the rosary every day is holier than a woman who has no time to visit the Church because she has to work hard to feed her children. We cannot judge that a man who is active in the parish is holier than a man who is inside the jail. In the first place, it is not our duty to judge others’ holiness. If we are busy judging others, we are no different from the Pharisee in the story who even prays to himself.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP