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Jesus and Exorcism

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Fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

January 31, 2021

Mark 1:21-28

Jesus performed His first exorcism in the Gospel of Mark. Reading the context, we discover that Jesus was teaching in the synagogue, and the people recognized Him teaching with authority. When Jesus taught with authority, it does not merely mean He preached with eloquence and chrism, but His teachings manifested in powerful signs, like healings and exorcism.

The word exorcism is usually understood as expelling the evil spirits or demons from a person possessed or a place infected. Unfortunately, because of Hollywood movies’ influence, the understanding of exorcism has been corrupted, deformed, and even ridiculed. Yet, the Catholic Church, exorcism is rooted in Jesus Christ Himself.

The literal meaning of ‘exorcism’ is to ‘bind with an oath.’ Then, how did this word become related to evil spirits? When we swear an oath, we need to invoke a higher being as the guarantor of our promise. Naturally, an oath is to say a pledge by invoking the Lord Himself as a witness. In the context of exorcism, the priest-exorcist will invoke the name of God to bind the demons and send them ‘at the feet of the cross of Jesus’ for the judgment. There is no genuine and effective exorcism without invoking the name and power of the true God.

What is interesting is that Jesus drove out demons without invoking the name of God. He said, “Quiet, come out of him!” Jesus was exorcising with His authority, and the demons obeyed Him because they recognized His divine power. The demons also acknowledge Jesus not as Messiah or the king of the Jews, but as ‘the Holy One of God.’ If we go back to the Old Testament, this particular title refers to Israel’s high priest. “… Aaron, the holy one of the Lord… [Psa 106:16].” The demons revealed another dimension of Jesus’ identity: He is the high priest. From this truth, we may conclude that exorcism is a priestly duty.

Participating in the high priestly office of Jesus, the bishops are the chief exorcists in their dioceses. We remember that bishops are high priests in their respective dioceses. Each bishop then may appoint and delegate some well-trained priests to become exorcists. I was fortunate to meet and discuss many things with Fr. Jose Syquia, an exorcist of the Archdiocese of Manila.

However, we must not forget that we also share in the priesthood of Jesus Christ because of our baptism. So, we also have authority over the evil spirits. As laity, we are allowed to say specific prayers of deliverance when we feel extraordinary presence and activities of the evil spirits. The prayer to St. Michael, the archangel, is most recommended for the laity. Yet, we must not forget that the evil spirits work in very subtle ways, primarily through temptations to sin. Often, without realizing it, we are already under the control of the devil as we live a life full of vices. This is our daily war against the kingdom of Satan, and we cannot win without invoking the name of Jesus, constant prayers, the sacraments, and the help of the Church.

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

We are Fishers of Men

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3rd Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

January 24, 2021

Mark 1:14-20

We once again listen to the story of the calling of the first disciples: Simon and Andrew, as well as James and John, the sons of Zebedee. Jesus called them, and He would make them ‘the fishers of men.’ Yet, from countless possibilities of professions and occupations, why did they have to be ‘the fishers of men’? Why not merely Jesus’ promotion team? Why not Jesus’ soldiers?

The answer is not far from who the first disciples were. They were fishermen of Galilee. Yet, this time, they were no longer catching fish but gathering people for Christ. While they left almost everything behind and followed Jesus, they brought their lives, characters, experiences, and skills with them. They remained fishermen, but this time Jesus transformed the object of their catch: men and women.

The second reason why they were called ‘fishers of men’ is even more profound. It speaks of the fulfillment of the Old Testament’s prophesy. The great prophet Jeremiah who lived around 500 years before Christ, once said, “For I will bring them back to their land that I gave to their ancestors. I am now sending for many fishermen, says the Lord, and they shall catch them… [Jer 16:15-16].” The historical context of this prophecy is critical. After Salomon’s reign, the kingdom of Israel was divided into two smaller kingdoms. The northern kingdom was the coalition of 10 tribes, and the southern kingdom was the tribe, Judah and Benjamin. In 721 SM, the northern kingdom was destroyed by the Assyrian empire, and the ten tribes were deported to foreign lands. Then in 587 SM, the southern kingdom was demolished by the Babylonian empire, and the inhabitants were brought to the Babylonian lands. Jeremiah prophesied that God would bring back the scattered Israelites by sending ‘fishermen.’

By calling His first disciples as ‘fishers of men,’ Jesus was fulfilling Jeremiah’s prophecy. Jesus was gathering back the lost tribes of Israelites to Himself as the new Israel. This is why Jesus called and chose twelve apostles. The twelve apostles shall serve as the leaders of the new twelve tribes of Israel.

The identity and mission as ‘fishers of men’ are primarily for the apostles, yet every baptized Christians are sharing in this identity. We are fishers of men and women for Christ. Some of us may be called to get a quantity gain, like a priest who baptized thousands of people. Some of us may be invited to have a quantity yield, like parents who raise and educate their children as mature and responsible Catholics. Some of us stand in between these two kinds of catches, like zealous catechists, courageous lay missionaries, faithful religious sisters who take care of schools or orphanages, or indefatigable community leaders.

Surely to be a fisherman is not a stress-free job. Sometimes, we are facing storms and dangers. Sometimes, we are getting nothing after our best effort. Occasionally, we get in a disagreement with our fellow fishermen. However, the Gospel reminds us that we are not fishermen because we are good, but because Jesus calls us and makes us His fishermen. We draw our purpose and strength from Jesus because we are participating in Jesus’ mission to gather people to Himself. We are working together with apostles to fulfill God’s promise of the New Israel. We are the fishers of men.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

photocredit: paolo-nicolello

Jesus, Our Lamb of God

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2nd Sunday of Ordinary Time [B]

January 17, 2021

John 1:35-42

John the Baptist identified Jesus as the ‘Lamb of God.’ If we are attending the celebration of the Eucharist, we cannot miss hearing this phrase. Just before the communion, the priest will hold the consecrated bread and wine, and present them to the faithful, then saying, “Behold the Lamb of God, Behold Him who takes away the sin of the world. Happy are those invited to the supper of the Lamb!”

I am a cradle Catholic, and I could no longer remember when I heard this Lamb of God for the first time. Yet, I never bother asking why Jesus is called such because it does not make much sense. Perhaps, it is just another fancy title of Jesus. I gradually learn this beautiful truth as I go deeper into my theology study and scriptures.

If we put ourselves in the shoes of the disciples who were living in the first century Palestine, we will see a lot more going on. When the disciples heard ‘the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world,” they quickly understood. It was undoubtedly mind-blowing, but they were expecting to hear that.

Firstly, a lamb was a primarily sacrificial animal in the Jerusalem temple. Every day lambs were slaughtered and offered to God. Especially during the feast day of Passover, thousands of lambs were brought to the Temple and sacrificed. It was a massive display of devotion to behold. Though the lamb’s sacrifice is not the only way to worship the true God, it serves as the ordinary way of worship. By calling Jesus the Lamb of God, we acknowledge that God’s true worship takes place in Jesus.

Secondly, one of the most important Jewish feasts is Passover. It celebrates the freedom from the slavery of God. One of the central features of this celebration is the sacrificed lamb. The Book Exodus gives the details of how the Passover has to be commemorated. An unblemished one-year-old lamb has to be slaughtered. Its blood was placed on the Jewish household doorpost, and its roasted body shall be eaten [see Exo 12]. To accept Jesus as the Lamb of God, we recognize that the sacrifice and blood of Jesus save us, and we need to eat also His body.

Thirdly, one prophesy that connects a person, and a lamb is from Isaiah. The great prophet spoke about the mysterious figure of ‘suffering servant of God.’ This man shall redeem Israel, but He has to endure great suffering and death, despite being innocent.  The prophet wrote, “He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter… [Isa 53:7].” By receiving Jesus as the Lamb of God, we accept Jesus as our Redeemer who has to suffer and die for us.

Now, we have recognized Jesus as the Lamb of God; we need to do like the first disciples did: they remained with Him. The disciples did not merely know and accept Jesus, but they followed and stayed with Him. It is not enough for us to see Jesus as the Lamb, but we are invited to remain with Him, to become His true disciples.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

photo credit: Daniel Sandvik

Baptism and the Cross

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Baptism of the Lord

January 10, 2021

Mark 1:7-11

Baptism of the Lord is one of the defining moments in the life of Jesus. The synoptic gospels [Matthew, Mark, and Luke] writes this event, though with their own perspective and emphasis. We are in the liturgical year B, and thus, we are listening from the Gospel of Mark. Mark’s version is noticeably the shortest, but it does not mean it does not deliver a powerful message. The Baptism of Jesus in the River Jordan is a turning point in Jesus’ life. After this Jesus will be in the desert for 40 days, tempted by the devil, but he will prevail. Then, from this, Jesus will begin His public ministry and unreservedly move toward Jerusalem, to Cross, Death, and Resurrection.

Often, we ask, “why should John baptize Jesus?” We are well aware that John’s baptism is an outward sign of inner repentance. If a person repents, it means that the person has been living a sinful life. Does it mean that Jesus is a sinful man, He asks for John’s baptism? Surely, Jesus who is God, is perfectly sinless, but the question remains, “why should Jesus be baptized?”  Mark does not give us a straight answer, yet the Church offers us the reason. Catechism of the Catholic Church states, “The baptism of Jesus is on his part the acceptance and inauguration of his mission as God’s suffering Servant. He allows himself to be numbered among sinners… Already he is anticipating the “baptism” of his bloody death… [CCC 536].”

Simply put, Jesus’ baptism speaks of this solidarity with us sinners, and this solidarity does not stop in the symbolic baptism of John, but this will find its fulfillment in the cross. As sinners, we deserve to die, but it is God who dies for us. The Church’s answer is beautiful, but is it truly in the mind of the evangelists, especially Mark?

When Jesus is baptized, Mark describes the sky as ‘torn apart’ and a voice came, “You are my Son, the Beloved…” The Greek word for ‘tearing apart’ is ‘schizo,’ and the same word is employed again by Mark when he recounts the happening in the Temple when Jesus died on the cross: the giant curtain that separates the holy place and the holiest place inside the Jerusalem temple [see 15:38]. Meanwhile, Mark also recounts a Roman centurion proclaims that Jesus is truly the Son of God, after witnessing remarkable events during Jesus’ death. From here, we can draw an interesting insight. With this basic pattern between what happens in baptism and in the cross, Mark is telling us that these two events are indeed related. The Baptism points to the Cross, and the Cross is the fulfillment of the Baptism.

It reveals the reason why the Father is so ‘so well pleased with His Son.’ The reason is through baptism, Jesus signals to all of us His eagerness to do His Father’s will. Though Jesus is sinless, He takes up our burden of sin and dies for us as proof of the Father’s love for us.

If in His baptism, Jesus accepts the cross, we, as the baptized Christians, are also called to carry our crosses. As we share Christ’s cross and carry it faithfully, we can hope to love radically. As we love deeply, we may hope for our salvation.

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

We are the Magi

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The Epiphany of the Lord

January 3, 2021

Matthew 2:1-12

The Christmas season ends with the feast of Epiphany of the Lord or the Feast of the Three Kings. However, if we read the Gospel carefully, we will discover that one who visited Jesus is magi, and the word “king” is not used to describe them. The Gospel of Matthew also reveals neither their number nor names. St. Matthew only speaks of three gifts offered: gold, frankincense and myrrh.

Magi is coming from the Greek word ‘magos’, and it is the same root word for magic. In his book ‘Jesus of Nazareth: The Infancy Narratives,’ Pope Benedict XVI explains that Magi has a wide range of meanings. In one sense, it may point to a black magician like Simon the Magician [see Acts 8:9-24], but in another sense, the magi may refer to the philosophers of noble birth coming from the land of Persia. Ancient philosophers are educated people who devoted themselves to the pursuit of wisdom. This is the reason why we call the magi also the wise men. It seems that the wise men have eventually discovered through their careful study, that the great king who is the embodiment of wisdom herself has been born in the land of Judea.

Are they kings? The Church recognizes that the magi who brought three particular gifts are the fulfillment of ancient prophecy. Isaiah said, “Nations shall walk by your light,

and kings by your shining radiance. Raise your eyes and look about; they all gather and come to you… bearing gold and frankincense, and proclaiming the praises of the LORD [Isa 60:3-4,6; which is our first reading].” In short, Isaiah prophesized that the light will guide kings, and they will come and bring gifts of gold and frankincense, and praise the Lord. The magi match the description of Isaiah’s prophecy, and from here, we can also say that the magi are also kings who were guided by the light of the star and offered precious gifts to Jesus. They might be indeed kings of small nations or perhaps, members of royalty, otherwise Herod the great would not have received them in his palace and welcome them cordially.

What about their names? Writing from the 8th century, ‘Excerpta Latina barbari,’ introduces them as Balthasar, Melchior and Gaspar. Whether these are their real name or not, we are never sure. However, we are invited to have the spirit and character of these wise men.

To find Jesus, they left their homes’ comfort and embarked into a long and challenging journey. They also learned to open their hearts as they discovered that the great king is not in Herod’s palace, but a poor home of Joseph and Mary. Ultimately, they humbled themselves before Jesus as they worshipped Him and offered the best gifts representing their lives. Then, they may go home with great joy.

Epiphany means God’s manifestation to the nations, yet this manifestation requires the magi to get up, search, and be humble. We are the magi. We are invited to look diligently for Jesus. To be baptized, catholic is undoubtedly excellent, but it is just the first step of our incredible journey. We are called to go deeper into the beauty of our faith. We are challenged to see Jesus in even the most unexpected places. Unless we go out and seek, we never find. It is because we are the magi.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Holy Families

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Feast of the Holy Family [B]

December 27, 2020

Luke 2:22-40

We are celebrating the feast of the Holy Family, and indeed, we are celebrating not only the family of Jesus, Mary, and Joseph but every human family. Through this liturgical celebration, the Church is inviting us to recognize the importance and the value of our family. Not only acclaiming the fundamental worth of family, but we are also invited to embrace and celebrate family lives.

At a human level, many social experts have understood that healthy and thriving societies begin in robust families. The families do not only fill the communities with human populations, but they provide an environment where children can grow into physically and psychologically mature men and women. A healthy and mature adult turns to be an asset to society.

From the perspective of faith, the Church always considers family as the basic unit of society and the Church herself. In his apostolic exhortation, Familiaris Consortio, Pope St. John Paul II affirmed the family’s fundamental role as the intimate community of life and love. In the family, husband and wife learn to love each other deeper and deeper every day. In the family, parents offer unconditional and sacrificial love for their children. In the family, the children learn to give honor and respect to their parents and their brothers and sisters. Because only in love, human persons find their true fulfillment as God’s image who is Love.

The Scriptures also give premium to family life. To honor our mother and father is one of the Torah’s highest commandments [Exo 20:]. Sirach even claimed that honoring our parents can atone for our sins [Sir 3:3]. St. Paul himself, in his letter to the Colossians, instructed each member of the family on how to behave [see Col 3:12-21].

Yet, going back to Jesus, we discover that for Him, a family is indeed indispensable. As God, Jesus could have come to us directly from heaven. He did not need human aid. Yet, He chose to be born of the virgin Mary, and through the angel, instructed Joseph to become the husband of Mary and, thus, His foster father. When He became man, He entered a human family and grew through Joseph and Mary’s guidance and protection. Jesus has become part of a family, and His presence sanctified His human family. This is a poignant message for all that family is a school of holiness because Jesus is present.

We also admit that family life is not always smooth and sweet. Moments of frustrations, misunderstanding, anger, and sadness often come and struck us. Various problems ranging from economic stability to emotional immaturity beset our familial relationship. However, these ugly situations may be transformed into means of holiness if Jesus is present among us. Raising children can be tough and even irritating, but we can offer this cross to the Lord as prayer. A relationship with our spouse can be filled with misunderstanding, but before we vent our emotions, we may pause a moment and ask the Lord the best course of action we shall take. Thus, through these difficulties, we are made closer to the Lord.

We thank the Lord for the gift of life, love, and family.

Happy feast day of the Holy Family!

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Emmanuel

On By bayuopIn Christmas, EnglishLeave a comment

Christmas – Mass during the Night [B]

December 24, 2020

Luke 2:1-14

Christmas is one of the most beautiful and joyous times of the year. Christmas is the time to gather with the families and friends and to have an exchange of gifts. Christmas is the time to put up Christmas trees, place Nativity scenes, and play Christmas songs. Surely, Christmas is the time when families once again go to the church together.

However, this year, things do not go as we want them to be. The pandemic caused by Covid-19 continues to plague our societies, and it significantly affects how we do things and relate with one another. Some of us can no longer go home because of our nature of professions or travel restrictions. Some of us will not attend the beautiful Christmas vigil liturgy because the Church remained closed. Some of us have no special meals on the table because the poor economy hits us hard. For some of us, it is just a lonely and sad Christmas because some of our family members are sick or even have passed away.

Is this still a Christmas? In these difficult situations, all the more, we are invited to reflect on the mystery of Incarnation. The drama of salvation begins with a little baby with His poor parents. Joseph was David’s son, yet he was no more than a poor carpenter, who cannot even provide a decent place for his wife to give birth. Mary was a young mother who had to endure unimaginable shame and various threats to her life. And, at the center of Christmas is the baby boy who is God and yet chose to be born in the most unworthy place of all, a cave filled with animals. He did not opt for much grander places like a royal palace or a magnificent castle. He did not decide to be wrapped with a purple royal garment, but a simple linen cloth. He did not select a golden and comfortable bed, but an unhygienic stone manger.

Looking at the circumstances, Jesus’ birth is not that impressive, but this is what makes the mystery of Incarnation touch every human heart. He did not come as an imposing and authoritarian king like Augustus. He did not come as a shrewd military leader like Julius Caesar. He did not come as a smart politician like Herod. God comes to us as the weakest baby in the humblest place. He is a God who radically loves us and wills to embrace even our weak nature.

Christmas reminds us that Jesus is with us when we are broken by economic conditions; Jesus is with us when we cannot be with our loved ones. Jesus is with us when we are losing our family members. The first Christmas points to us that God does not always spare us from suffering, but He promises to be with us in these terrible times.

One of my friends just lost his father due to Covid-19. It was sudden and untimely death. And what made it very painful is they could not give the last farewell for him as the remain brought immediately to the cemetery. When I had a chance to talk to him, I discovered he could accept the death, and then I asked him the reason. He narrated to me that before his father was admitted to the hospital, he gave his father a brown scapular. He also learned that his father passed away when he was praying the rosary. He believed that his father was not alone when he died; God is with him. Indeed, Jesus is the Emmanuel: God is with us.

Merry Christmas!

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

photocredit: debby hudson

Mary’s Fiat

On By bayuopIn Advent, EnglishLeave a comment

Fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time [B]

December 20, 2020

Luke 1:28-36

Christmas is fast approaching, and the Church is inviting us to reflect on the story of the Annunciation. Allow me to once more focus on the Blessed Virgin’s Fiat. To appreciate her answer to God’s will and plan, we need to see at least two things. Firstly, it is her historical and social context. Secondly, it is the language analysis of her response.

Mary was a young girl. According to tradition, she was around 13 or 14 years old when she got married. For many of us, living in urban settings, Mary’s marriage was remarkably too early. But, this kind of practice was nothing but expected. Lives were hard, and many people died too young due to sickness, famine, calamity, or wars. To sustain a healthy number of populations, young girls were prepared for the duty of motherhood.

Mary was betrothed to Joseph from the family of David. In the Jewish community, betrothal is the first formal step in a Jewish marriage. The exchange of vows was done in this betrothal. Mary and Joseph were spouses in the eye of Jewish law and society, except for the intimate relationship. The couple had to wait around one year before the bride moved to the house prepared by the groom from the betrothal. Usually, there was a light procession from the bride’s original place to the new house, where the wedding ceremony and reception would occur.

Legally, Mary was Joseph’s wife, and if something wrong happened, it was judged to be adultery. The Law of Moses abhors adultery since it reflects Israel’s infidelity toward Yahweh, breaking the sacred covenant. Thus, for those who were unfaithful, severe punishment awaited them. In Deu 20:22, the Torah explicitly stated that if a betrothed woman commits adultery, she and the man shall be stoned to death.  As a good Jew, Mary was aware of this terrible consequence when archangel Gabriel announced the glad tiding. If she gave her affirmation, she might face certain, untimely death. Nobody would believe her if she tried to defend her supernatural virginal conception. “She must be insane!” some would say. However, despite this imminent horrible future, Mary accepted her mission.

Now, why did she say her Fiat? I used to think that Mary’s fiat is about surrendering everything to God.  She did not understand, but her faith enabled her to trust in God’s providence. In the face of ominous dangers, to have this kind of faith is extremely remarkable. However, as I read more about this Fiat, I discover that Mary’s Fiat is more than an act of self-surrender. The Greek word used by Mary is “genomai.” This word is rather special because it expresses not an act of submission but an act of longing. This tiny detail spells the great difference. Mary did not just submit to the will of God, but she longed to do it. She was not passively accepting her fate but rather proactively fulfilling God’s plan in her. There were no traces of fear, doubt, and worry. Her yes was driven by passion, hope, and eagerness. Despite bleak tomorrow, she knew that she was about to depart into an unimaginably amazing journey. For her, the Lord’s plan is always the best and the only way to reach our utmost potential.

Do we have what it takes to have Mary’s Fiat?

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

photocredit: Phil hearing

Rejoice Always!

On By bayuopIn Advent, EnglishLeave a comment

Gaudete Sunday. 3rd Sunday of Advent [B]

December 13, 2020

John 1:6-8, 19-28

This Sunday is special. We are still in the season of Advent, and yet we see a different liturgical color. It is a rose color [not pink!]. This beautiful color symbolizes joy and hope, and it is in line with the spirit of the third Sunday of Advent, the Gaudete Sunday. Gaudete is a Latin word meaning “Rejoice!” The name is rooted in the introit or the opening antiphon of the Mass, from Phil 4:4-5, “Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, Rejoice. 5 Let your gentleness be known to everyone. The Lord is near” In the second reading, St Paul reiterates the motif, “Rejoice always. Pray without ceasing. In all circumstances give thanks, for this is the will of God for you in Christ Jesus. [1 The 5:16].”

Yet, the real question is, “Is the Church too naïve in inviting us to rejoice in these difficult times?” This deadly and fast-spreading virus covid-19 has devastated practically the entire planet. While it does not physically destroy the earth like a nuclear bomb, it does kill countless people. It slows down the economy and forces many governments, even the strongest, to panic and struggle. The number of victims keeps increasing, and there is no sign of abating. Indeed, we are going to have a different experience of Christmas this year. Indeed, covid-19 is not the only thing that makes our day so bad. Personal issues, family problems, conflicts in the community, and many other things are still haunting our lives. How do you expect us to rejoice? If we examine the words of St. Paul in 1 Thes 5:16, we discover that to rejoice is not an option, but God’s will for us! It gives us more reason to ask how it is possible?

The key is to understand joy neither as a simple absence of pain nor bodily and emotional pleasure. The Greek word is “kaire” and Angel Gabriel uses the same word to address Mary [Luk 1:28]. If we look at the life of Mary, she does not have a fairy-tale-kind life. Her life will turn upside-down, a sword will pierce her soul, and she will see her son die on the cross. Nothing pleasurable and sensational about that! Yet, she says, “My spirit rejoices in God my savior [Luk 1:47]! Mary is able to discover something precious despite tons of ugly things in her life. She discovers Jesus.

In 1 The 5:16, rejoice cannot be separated from unceasing prayer and giving thanks in all circumstances. That is another key. Through prayer, we are connected to God, and in prayer, we learn to see God and His plan in our lives. Sometimes, we can only see good things in good time, but the Gospel has told us the opposite: there is God in the dirty manger, and even there is God on the horrible cross. When we see God in these broken pieces of lives, we cannot but give thanks. And, when we are always grateful, we are inspired to rejoice.  That is the spirit of Christmas, and we are trained in the school of Gaudete Sunday.

 

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

 

Mark and His Gospel

On By bayuopIn Advent, EnglishLeave a comment

Second Sunday of Advent [B]

December 6, 2020

Mark 1:1-8

On the second Sunday of Advent, we are reading from the beginning of the Gospel of Mark. After all, this is the beginning of liturgical year B, and it is fitting to start with the first chapter of Mark. Yet, unlike Matthew and Luke, Mark has neither infancy narratives nor the childhood stories of Jesus. Mark commences his Gospel with John the Baptist, who announces the repentance and the coming of Christ.

Mark, among the four gospels, is arguably the least popular. This happens for understandable reasons. Mark is the shortest Gospel, and it has only 16 chapters and around fifteen thousand Greek words. [Matthew has around twenty-three thousand while Luke has twenty-five thousand]. Many stories in Mark are also found in Matthew and Luke, but many materials in Matthew or Luke are absent in Mark. Thus, people who read Matthew tend to skip Mark because they believe they have read Mark. This is certainly unfortunate because Mark has its characters and emphasis.

Mark is action-oriented Gospel. It immediately starts with a man of action, John the Baptist. Mark presents Jesus as someone who always in the move and is active. Mark does not write much about Jesus’ preaching but focuses on what Jesus does. He preaches the good news, heals the sick, exorcises the demons, does miracles, calls disciples, and travels a lot. Mark’s Gospel is also fast-paced, yet, despite the fast-moving events, Mark often paints more details in his accounts, like the Gerasene demoniac story [Mar 5:1-20].

The traditional symbol for Mark is a lion. He acquires this symbol because his Gospel starts with John, who boldly preaches repentance, just like a lion. Yet, the Gospel of Mark itself displays the character of a lion: it delivers his point powerfully and effectively. Mark was not the twelve disciples of Jesus, and he might be an eyewitness, especially when Jesus was arrested [Mark 14:51]. The Acts of Apostles calls him John Mark, a companion of Paul and Barnabas in their missionary journey. Still, unfortunately, Mark became a source of disagreement between Paul and Barnabas [Act 15:39]. Yet, he finally reconciled with Paul [Col 4:10]. Along the way, he turned to be the companion and disciple of St. Peter in Rome [1 Pet 5:13]. Later, in the early second century, Papias, bishop of Hierapolis, testified that Mark was the interpreter of Peter and wrote down Peter’s teachings of Jesus. Because of Peter’s authority, we understand why Mark’s Gospel was selected as one of the canonical gospels.

What can we learn from Mark and his Gospel, especially this season of Advent? Mark gives us an example that we can approach Jesus in our unique characters. While Mark is writing about Jesus, he does not have to compose like John. Like Mark, we do not have to be someone else in loving God. While the saints serve as role models, we are invited to love Him with our unique personalities and ways. While we are united in one Church, our personalities do not disappear but rather enhanced in serving one another. Unless we recognize who we are fundamentally in Christ, we are going to fail to love authentically.

Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

photocredit: samantha-sophia