31st Sunday in Ordinary Time [C] – November 3, 2019 – Luke 19:1-10
In the time of Jesus, there are at least two kinds of taxes. The first tax goes to the Temple of Jerusalem. This is a “sacred tax”. Those who collect them are performing a sacred duty, and those who pay are fulfilling their due to God. Yet, the second tax is exacted by the Roman government. In order to effectively get the taxes, the Romans employs the local collaborators. The Jews are heavily burdened by this tax because they are unjustly hefty, and often collected by coercion. The Jews understandably loathe those Jewish tax collectors who willingly betray their own people and are involved in greedy malpractices. These are the worst sinners, unclean, corrupt and traitors.
Certainly, Joseph, Mary and Jesus as a poor family, are having a difficult time to pay taxes themselves, and perhaps, fall victims to greedy tax collectors. However, despite this bitter reality, Jesus has a different attitude towards tax collectors. He is known to be the friends of tax collectors and sinners [Mat 11:19]. He shares his table with tax collectors [Luk 5:30]. He presents the tax collector as the protagonist in his parable, while the Pharisee as the bad guy [Luk 18:9ff]. One of His disciples, Matthew, is used to be a tax collector before he leaves everything and follows Jesus.
Today, we listen to the story of Zacchaeus, not ordinary tax collector, but the chief. Despite his high position and richness, he is a small stature. Thus, people look down on him both in a physical and religious sense. Yet, Jesus does something remarkable: He takes the initiative to look upon Zacchaeus who climbs the sycamore tree, calls him by name, and gets Himself invited to Zacchaeus’ house. This is unthinkable: the God-man calls and enters the house of the number-one public enemy in town. We notice that Jesus does not perform any earth-shattering miracles, but Jesus’ simple and loving gesture touches deeply Zacchaeus’ heart. Right there and then, he repents and ready to repair the damages he causes. Jesus declares, “Today salvation has come to this house (Lk. 19:2).”
What Jesus does deeply disturb the minds of orthodox Jews who prefer to distance themselves from the sinners, to avoid the contamination. Thus, they jeer at Jesus. Yet, Jesus takes the opposite direction: to enter the house and share a table even with the worst kind of sinners, chief tax collector, for one reason: “For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save what was lost.” (Lk. 19:10).
The Gospel offers us two attitudes towards our brothers and sisters who are struggling in their lives. We can choose whether like the crowd, to distance ourselves, and let them rot in hell, and even discourage any effort to embrace them, or like Jesus to takes the initiative to help them, even with simple gestures. It is true that when we open ourselves, there is no guarantee that our effort will be successful, and sometimes, we will get betrayed and hurt. Mother Teresa of Calcutta took care hundreds of homeless, but some of them turned against her and threw nasty gossips, and yet Mother Teresa continued to serve till the end of her life. Jesus has made His choice, so also many of His followers, now the choice is ours to make.
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Pada zaman Yesus, setidaknya ada dua jenis pajak atau cukai. Pajak pertama adalah untuk Bait Allah di Yerusalem. Ini adalah “pajak suci”. Mereka yang memungutnya melakukan tugas mulia, dan mereka yang membayar memenuhi kewajibannya kepada Allah. Namun, pajak kedua dibebankan oleh pemerintah Romawi. Untuk mendapatkan pajak secara efektif, orang-orang Romawi mempekerjakan kolaborator lokal. Orang-orang Yahudi sangat terbebani oleh pajak ini karena sangat berat, tidak adil, dan dengan paksaan. Orang-orang Yahudi pada umumnya tentu saja membenci para pemungut pajak Yahudi yang dengan sukarela mengkhianati rakyatnya sendiri dan terlibat dalam praktik korupsi yang tamak. Ini adalah pendosa terburuk, karena najis, korup dan pengkhianat.
In Jesus’ time, they were several Jewish religious groups and one of them is the Pharisees. These are the people who love the Lord and devoutly observe the Law of Moses and the traditions of the elders even in their daily lives. Thus, Jewish people regard them as righteous because they are faithful to the Law, and pious because they pray often. Many Pharisees turn to be the caretakers of the local synagogues and zealously teach the Law during Sabbath days. No wonders, the Jewish people offer the Pharisees the best places in the worship places and the parties. The leaders are called the Rabbis or teachers.
Pada zaman Yesus, ada beberapa kelompok di dalam agama Yahudi dan salah satunya adalah orang-orang Farisi. Inilah orang-orang yang mencintai Tuhan dan dengan taat mematuhi Hukum Musa dan tradisi para penatua bahkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka. Jadi, orang Yahudi menganggap mereka sebagai orang benar karena mereka setia kepada Hukum, dan saleh karena mereka sering berdoa. Banyak orang Farisi menjadi pengurus sinagoga dan dengan tekun mengajarkan Hukum saat hari-hari Sabat. Tidak heran, orang-orang Yahudi memberikan kepada orang-orang Farisi tempat-tempat terbaik di tempat-tempat ibadah dan pesta-pesta, dan memanggil beberapa dari mereka sebagai Rabi atau guru.
The widows are one of the most disfranchised groups in ancient Israel. In those times, women, in general, were considered to be less human. Every time a Jewish man in first-century Palestine woke up, he would pray and thank the Lord for he was not born as a Gentile, a slave or a woman. Often, women were treated as the properties of the patriarchs. While adult men were working outside the house, women were expected to stay behind to take care of the children and the household. Since many women were supported by their husbands, being a widow means loss of both financial foothold and honor. They were lucky if they had mature sons who would take care of them, but those widows without sons were the most pitiful.
Para janda adalah salah satu kelompok yang paling terpinggirkan di Israel kuno. Pada masa itu, wanita pada umumnya dianggap sebagai manusia yang lebih rendah. Setiap kali seorang pria Yahudi di Palestina abad pertama bangun, dia akan berdoa dan bersyukur kepada Tuhan karena dia tidak dilahirkan sebagai orang bukan Yahudi, budak atau wanita. Seringkali, perempuan diperlakukan sebagai properti para kepala keluarga. Sementara para pria dewasa bekerja di luar rumah, para perempuan diharapkan tetap tinggal untuk menjaga anak-anak dan rumah. Karena banyak perempuan yang tergantung pada suami mereka, menjadi janda berarti kehilangan pijakan ekonomi dan kehormatan. Mereka beruntung jika mereka memiliki putra yang dewasa yang akan merawat mereka, dan ini membuat para janda tanpa putra adalah yang paling menyedihkan.
Suffering, sickness, and death do not care whether you are Jews or Samaritans, whether you are rich or poor, whether you are old or young. When it strikes, it strikes. In time of Jesus, leprosy or Hansen’s disease was still one of most dreadful sicknesses. It ate you your skin and made you ugly. It is highly contagious, and thus, cut you from your community. It was incurable and thus brought you a slow and agonizing death.
Penderitaan, penyakit, dan kematian menyerang tanpa pandang bulu. Tidak peduli apakah orang Yahudi atau orang Samaria, apakah kaya atau miskin, apakah tua atau muda. Pada zaman Yesus, kusta atau penyakit Hansen masih merupakan salah satu penyakit yang paling mengerikan. Itu memakan kulit kita dan membuat kita jelek. Ini sangat menular, dan dengan demikian, dikucilkan dari komunitas. Penyakit ini tidak dapat disembuhkan dan dengan demikian membawa kematian yang lambat dan menyakitkan.
If there is one most powerful force in the universe, it will be faith. Jesus teaches us that even faith as small as a mustard seed can do the impossible. Jesus preaches that with this little faith, we can command a sycamore tree be uprooted and be planted in the sea. One of the smallest things on earth can move the most significant reality in the world. The sycamore tree has both deep, strong and widespread roots. It is just impossible to uproot it when it has grown mature. Yet, Jesus surprises further even by saying that we can replant this on the bed of the ocean. That makes it doubly impossible. Jesus is pushing his teaching on faith beyond natural human reasoning!
Jika ada satu kekuatan paling dahsyat di alam semesta, ini adalah iman. Yesus mengajarkan kepada kita bahwa iman sekecil biji sesawi dapat melakukan hal yang mustahil. Yesus menyatakan bahwa dengan iman yang kecil ini, kita dapat memerintahkan pohon ara dicabut dan ditanam di laut. Salah satu hal terkecil di bumi dapat menggerakkan realitas paling besar di dunia. Pohon ara memiliki akar yang dalam, kuat dan menyebar. Tidak mungkin mencabutnya ketika sudah dewasa. Namun, Yesus bahkan mengatakan bahwa kita tidak hanya mampu mencabutnya tetapi juga menanam kembali ini di dasar samudera. Itu membuatnya mustahilnya doble! Inilah hebatnya iman yang kita miliki.