29th Sunday in Ordinary Time
October 18, 2020
Matthew 22:15-21
To understand today’s Gospel, we need to make time travel to the time of Jesus. The Jewish people in the first century AD Palestine were not free people, and they were subject to the Roman empire. Being subjects, they were required to submit heavy taxes. This money would eventually use to pay the army that maintained “the security” of Palestine. Naturally, paying taxes was one of the most irritating and politically charged issues. “Why should I pay for my own oppression?”
The issue of paying taxes is even more sensitive since the coin used for the transaction is bearing the image of Caesar. Not only having the graven face of Caesar, around the image, but there was also an inscription that said “Tiberivs Caesar Divi Avgvsti Filivs Avgvstvs (Caesar Augustus Tiberius, son of the Divine Augustus).” The coin was simply blasphemous for the Jews who recognized that there is no god, but the Lord God.
With this background, the Pharisees were plotting to trap Jesus with an extremely dilemmatic question: “should we pay tax to Caesar?” If Jesus nodded, He would be considered a traitor for many Jewish nationalists and an idol-worshipper to pious Israelites. But, if Jesus voted negatively, He would be immediately labeled as a rebel and face the wrath of the Romans. However, it was never wise to test Jesus, because it would never be successful. Again, Jesus did not only escape the dilemma wisely but also taught a profound lesson for everyone.
He took a Roman coin and showed that it has an image of Caesar. Then, He said, “render to Caesar what belongs to Caesar…” The basis of ownership is the presence of “image.” The coin belongs to Caesar because it has his image. Thus, paying tax is simply giving back to the coins that since the beginning belongs to Caesar and the Roman Empire. Yet, Jesus did not stop there. He taught also, “render to God what belongs to God.” And what belongs to God? The answer is those who possess the image of God. Going back to the Genesis 1:26, we discover that we were created in the image of God, and therefore, we belong to God.
Here, Jesus was not dodging the Pharisees’ bullet, but teaching a fundamental truth about who we are and where we are going. We were created in the image of God, not in the image of cellular phone, not of money, not of trophies. While they may offer instant pleasure, not of these things will ever grant us true happiness. Only God can truly fulfill our deepest longing. While these things are naturally good and can be beneficial, they are mere means to achieve our true end, God Himself. We might be preoccupied with pursuing wealth, popularity, or influence, but what is the point when we lose our final purpose?
St. Ignatius of Loyola in his Spiritual Exercises reminds us that, “Man is created to praise, reverence, and serve God our Lord, and by this means to save his soul. The other things on the face of the earth are created for man to help him in attaining the end for which he is created…Therefore, we must make ourselves indifferent [detached] to all created things… Our one desire and choice should be what is more conducive to the end for which we are created”
Valentinus Bayuhadi Ruseno, OP

Untuk memahami Injil hari ini, kita perlu melakukan perjalanan waktu ke zaman Tuhan Yesus. Orang-orang Yahudi pada abad pertama Masehi Palestina bukanlah orang-orang merdeka, dan mereka tunduk pada kekaisaran Romawi. Sebagai penduduk jajahan, mereka diharuskan membayar pajak yang cukup berat. Uang ini pada akhirnya akan digunakan untuk membayar tentara yang menjaga “keamanan” di Palestina. Tak ayal, membayar pajak adalah salah satu hal yang paling dibenci dan menimbulkan gejolak. “Mengapa saya harus membayar untuk penindasan saya sendiri?”
To understand the parable, we need to see the surprising elements that Jesus offers. Firstly, this is no ordinary wedding, but the royal wedding of the king’s son. Surely, people in the royal list are honored and privileged guests, but they refuse to come, decline the invitation twice and even mistreat the king’s servants. What they do are unthinkable! They fail to see how precious the invitation and rather choose their own trivial business. They are like throwing insult to the king who has honored them. No wonder, the king punishes them.
Untuk memahami perumpamaan yang kita dengar Minggu ini, kita perlu melihat elemen-elemen yang mengejutkan. Pertama, perjamuan ini bukalah perjamuan pernikahan biasa, tapi pernikahan putra raja. Tentunya, orang-orang dalam daftar undangan adalah tamu terhormat dan istimewa, tetapi mereka menolak untuk datang sampai dua kali dan bahkan menganiaya para utusan raja. Apa yang mereka lakukan tidak terpikirkan! Mereka gagal untuk melihat betapa berharganya undangan tersebut dan malah memilih urusan-urusan sepele mereka sendiri. Mereka sama saja melontarkan hinaan kepada raja yang telah menghormati mereka. Tak heran, raja menghukum mereka.
The vineyard owner in today’s parable is extraordinary. He knows that the tenants are greedy and corrupt, and if I had been the owner, I would have expelled the tenants right away. Yet, this owner is doing the opposite. He keeps sending His envoys and pleading with them, to the point of giving his own son, the true heir. This vineyard owner must be crazy! Yet, that is how much merciful, and patient God is. However, that is not the end of the story. The thing is if we keep abusing God’s mercy, His justice will eventually prevail.
Pemilik kebun anggur dalam perumpamaan hari ini luar biasa tak terduga. Dia tahu bahwa para penyewa adalah serakah dan korup, dan jika saya menjadi dia, saya akan segera mengusir para penyewa itu. Namun, pemilik ini melakukan yang sebaliknya. Dia terus mengirim utusannya dan sampai memberikan putranya sendiri, pewaris sejati. Pemilik kebun anggur ini pasti sudah gila! Dan, itulah citra Tuhan kita yang sangat penuh belas kasih dan sabar. Namun, itu bukanlah akhir dari cerita. Perumpamaan ditutup dengan sebuah penghakiman: jika kita terus menyalahgunakan belas kasihan Tuhan, keadilan-Nya pada akhirnya akan meraja.
Untuk memahami perumpamaan tentang dua anak laki-laki pemilik kebun anggur ini, kita perlu membaca seluruh Matius pasal 21. Yesus baru saja memasuki kota Yerusalem dan disambut oleh orang-orang dengan teriakan “Hosana” dan ranting palem. Kemudian, Dia pergi ke area Bait Allah untuk menyucikannya dari malpraktek yang terjadi. Jadi, para penatua dan imam kepala, yang bertanggung jawab atas Bait Allah, mempertanyakan Yesus, “siapa kamu? Dengan wewenang apa Anda bertindak demikian? ”
Reading the entire Matthew chapter 21, we will get the sense of the parable of the two sons of the vineyard owner. Jesus just entered the city of Jerusalem and was welcomed by the people with a shout of “Hosanna” and palm branches. Then, he proceeded to the Temple area to cleanse it from the malpractices plaguing the holy ground. Thus, the elders and chief priests, the one who was in charge of the Temple, questioned Jesus, “who are you? By what authority do you act and teach?”
